Synonyms: Bazin’s disease, nodular vasculitis, tuberculous erythema induratum, tuberculosum, tuberculosis cutis indurativa and nodose tuberculid. Erythema induratum is a rare condition that classically produces painful, firm and sometimes ulcerated nodules on the lower legs in association with tuberculosis (TB).
What causes erythema induratum?
Infection with M tuberculosis is considered to be an etiologic factor for erythema induratum that is associated with tuberculosis (Bazin disease), and, based on published reports, latent or active TB infection is the most common reported identifiable cause of erythema induratum.
How is erythema induratum diagnosed?
The diagnosis of erythema induratum is confirmed by the characteristic clinical morphology and histopathologic findings, a positive PPD, QuantiFERON-TB gold test or isolation of MTB DNA from lesional biopsy, and swift resolution with multi-drug antituberculosis therapy.
What is a Tuberculid?
Tuberculids are cutaneous lesions that arise as a reaction to hematogenous spread of M.tuberculosis. The pathogenesis of these reactive manifestations is not well understood. Typical for tuberculids are evidence of manifest or past tuberculosis and lesions that respond well to treatment with tuberculostatic drugs.
How is nodular vasculitis treated?
Medications that have been reported to be helpful for nodular vasculitis include:
- Antibiotics prolonged antituberculous therapy has been successful in cases presumed to be tuberculous.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Short-term systemic corticosteroids.
- Fibrinolytic therapy.
- Potassium iodide.
What panniculitis means?
Panniculitis an umbrella term that describes inflammation in the bottom layers of the skin. It can be caused by a variety of infections, diseases, or external stimuli. Because it can have so many causes, it can be difficult to diagnose.
What does erythema Induratum mean?
Erythema induratum, also known as nodular vasculitis or Bazin disease, is categorized as a tuberculid skin eruption, which is a group of skin conditions associated with an underlying or silent focus of tuberculosis (TB).
What is cutaneous tuberculosis?
Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is the result of a chronic infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. ovis and occasionally by the Calmette-Guerin bacillus. The clinical manifestations are variable and depend on the interaction of several factors including the site of infection and the host’s immunity.
What is pancreatic panniculitis?
Pancreatic panniculitis (PP) is a rare variant of panniculitis characterized by subcutaneous fat necrosis, that affects 0.3-3% of patients across a range of different pancreatic disorders.
What does nodular vasculitis look like?
Erythema induratum, also known as nodular vasculitis, is a form of lobular panniculitis with multiple etiologies. Tender erythematous to violaceous nodules and/or plaques are seen, usually on the calves. Lesions have also been seen on the feet, thighs, buttocks, and arms. Ulceration and drainage may occur.
What is nodular vasculitis?
Nodular vasculitis (NV) is an uncommon form of panniculitis characterized by erythematous nodules or plaques located preferentially on the calves, which may ulcerate and drain. It has been regarded as a delayed hypersensitivity response to an antigenic stimulus, being originally associated with tuberculosis.
What is lobular panniculitis?
Atypical lymphocytic lobular panniculitis (ALLP) is a rare T-cell dyscrasia of the subcutaneous fat. It typically presents with indurated erythematous nodules on the lower extremities and often will have a relapsing and remitting course.
What is Scrofula called today?
Scrofula, also called cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis, is a type of tuberculosis infection. It’s caused by the same bacteria that causes pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis is a highly infectious bacterial illness.
What is lichen Scrofulosorum?
Lichen scrofulosorum, also known as tuberculosis cutis lichenoides, is a rare tuberculid that presents as a lichenoid eruption of minute papules in children and adolescents with tuberculosis.
What is tuberculous Gumma?
Tuberculous gumma is a skin condition characterized histologically by massive necrosis. Restated, this is a skin condition that results from hematogenous dissemination of mycobacteria from a primary focus, resulting in firm, nontender erythematous nodules that soften, ulcerate, and form sinuses.
What are nodules in your legs?
Panniculitis is a group of conditions that cause painful bumps, or nodules, to form under your skin, often on your legs and feet. These bumps create inflammation in the fat layer under your skin. This layer is called the panniculus, or subcutaneous fat layer.
What does Leukocytoclastic mean?
The term leukocytoclastic refers to the debris of neutrophils (immune cells) within the blood vessel walls. The disease can be confined to the skin (cutaneous) or it can affect many different organs of the body such as the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs.
Are subcutaneous nodules painful?
Abnormal bumps or masses (nodules) appear in the fatty layer under the skin (subcutaneous fat) of the legs, thighs and buttocks. In some patients, the arms, abdomen, and/or face may be involved. These nodules are usually 1-2 centimeters wide and may be either painful and tender or painless.
Is panniculitis an autoimmune disease?
Evidence suggests that mesenteric panniculitis is an autoimmune disorder.
What does panniculitis look like?
Panniculitis is a relatively uncommon skin disorder. It causes large bumps to appear under the skin, usually on the lower legs. The bumps, also called nodules, are tender to touch and may look red or purple. Nodules are caused by an inflammation in the layer of fat under the skin.
What are the 5 classic signs of inflammation?
Based on visual observation, the ancients characterised inflammation by five cardinal signs, namely redness (rubor), swelling (tumour), heat (calor; only applicable to the body’ extremities), pain (dolor) and loss of function (functio laesa).
What is the difference between erythema and induration?
The distribution of erythema diameters was unimodal, and the distribution of induration diameters was bimodal. Erythema was considerably greater than induration among persons classified as being atopic. Conclusion: Both erythema and induration appear to be adequate indices of tuberculin sensitivity.
What is cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa?
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa is a rare form of vasculitis relating to small-to-medium-sized arteries. Its etiology is unknown. Clinical manifestations include tender subcutaneous nodules, livedo reticularis, cutaneous ulcers and necrosis.
What is septal panniculitis?
Septal panniculitis is a condition of the subcutaneous fat affecting the layer of adipose tissue that lies between the dermis and underlying fascia, of which there are two forms: acute erythema nodosum and chronic erythema nodosum.
What are the 3 types of tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis: Types
- Active TB Disease. Active TB is an illness in which the TB bacteria are rapidly multiplying and invading different organs of the body. …
- Miliary TB. Miliary TB is a rare form of active disease that occurs when TB bacteria find their way into the bloodstream. …
- Latent TB Infection.
Can skin TB be cured?
The treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis usually involves the concurrent use of four drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or streptomycin for a period of 8 weeks. This quadruple therapy is followed by a 16-week course of isoniazid and rifampicin.
Can skin tuberculosis be cured?
You may not be cured. You may feel better at first but some TB bacteria may stay in your body. These can reactivate at a later time and make you very ill. If the original infection is only partly treated, the bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics (explained below).
What is neutrophilic panniculitis?
Neutrophilic panniculitis refers to neutrophilic inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. It is a tissue reaction pattern shared by a variety of cutaneous and systemic disorders. Most panniculitides present clinically as nonspecific, erythematous deep-seated nodules that require biopsy for definitive diagnosis.
What causes fat necrosis of pancreas?
Fatty-tissue necrosis is probably caused by lipase (one of the few pancreatic enzymes that need no activation) after an abrupt effusion of zymogens from peripheral acinar cells into the interstitial space.
What is pancreatic fat necrosis?
Microscopically, fat necrosis is characterized by ghost fat cells that are damaged by pancreatic enzymes [7]. Typically in the peripancreatic region, fat necrosis is characterized by evidence of elevated lipolytic activity, a large quantity of calcium, and an increased concentration of free fatty acids.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.