A basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is a vessel used to convert hot metal into steel. … During the process, oxygen is blown into a BOF converter containing liquid hot metal containing high carbon content. The oxygen combines with the dissolved carbon to form CO, which then escapes as gas.
What is the first stage in basic oxygen process called?
The BASIC OXYGEN STEEL-making (BOS) Process. 1) Scrap steel is placed in the vessel followed by molten iron directly from a blast furnace. 3) After a few minutes the oxygen is stopped. A flux of calcium fluoride (fluorspar, CaF2) and burnt lime (CaO) is then added.
What is the function of basic oxygen furnace?
The Basic Oxygen Furnace is a vessel used by steelmakers to convert liquid iron (pig iron) into steel by burning out most of the remaining carbon, silicon and other impurities which are present in iron at about 6% but less than 1% in steel. The process that occurs in the B.O.F. is called basic oxygen steel making.
Why it is called basic oxygen furnace?
Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or dolomite, which are chemical bases, are added to promote the removal of impurities and protect the lining of the converter.
What is a BOF converter?
The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is a refractory-lined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, water-cooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic velocity onto the charge (see figure). …
How is oxygen refined?
The most common commercial method for producing oxygen is the separation of air using either a cryogenic distillation process or a vacuum swing adsorption process. Nitrogen and argon are also produced by separating them from air. … This method is called electrolysis and produces very pure hydrogen and oxygen.
Which is basic oxygen furnace?
A basic oxygen furnace is a reactor in which oxygen is blown through molten pig iron that is heated to approximately 1,600 to convert it into steel.
What is LD in steel plant?
Slag generated from basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or Linz-Donawitz (LD) converter is one of the recyclable wastes in integrated steel plants. … At present, the amount of slag deposited in storage yard, leading to the occupation of farm land and serious pollution to the environment.
What is EAF in steel production?
The electric-arc furnace (EAF) is a squat, cylindrical vessel made of heavy steel plates. It has a dish-shaped refractory hearth and three vertical electrodes that reach down through a dome-shaped, removable roof (see figure). The shell diameter of a 10-, 100-, and 300-ton EAF is approximately 2.5, 6, and 9 metres.
What is BOF in metallurgy?
In metallurgy: Fire refining. The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is a vessel used to convert pig iron, of about 94 percent iron and 6 percent combined impurities such as carbon, manganese, and silicon, into steel with as little as 1 percent combined impurities.
What is a BOS plant?
BOS (Basic Oxygen Steelmaking) plant. Molten iron from the blast furnace is transported in specialized refractory brick lined ‘torpedoes’ on rail cars (varying in capacity from 200-450 tonnes) to the BOS plant where the iron is refined to produce steel of desired quality and composition.
How is the basic oxygen furnace heated?
The Blow The Gas Offtake Hood is lowered onto the Furnace. The water cooled Oxygen Lance is then lowered. This carries the hot Oxygen to the surface of the hot metal, increasing the temperature in the Furnace and melting all of the metal.
What is the difference between a blast furnace and a basic oxygen furnace?
Blast furnaces produce iron from iron ore. In a second step a basic oxygen converter turns iron, with some additions of scrap, into steel.
How is oxygen made from steel?
basic oxygen process (BOP), a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic (heat-releasing) reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese.
What is oxygen used for?
Common uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.
What is LD slag?
LD slag is a byproduct of the Linz-Donawitz process and is constantly produced as pig iron is processed into crude steel. … At the end of the process, the main components of the slag are iron oxide, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide. Iron and steelmaking are principally subject to permanent process and quality controls.
What is BOF SMS?
BOF (basic oxygen furnace) dedusting systems from SMS group ensure you meet these standards and offer considerable economic advantages.
What is ladle furnace?
Ladle Refining Furnaces (LRF) are used to raise the temperature and adjust the chemical composition of molten metal. Without LRFs, higher tap temperatures are normally required from steel making furnaces due to heat losses during refining with conventional ladles.
What is the malleability of oxygen?
Oxygen is a nonmetal. It has low thermal and electrical conductivity, but high electronegativity and ionization energy. The solid form is brittle rather than malleable or ductile.
Can we make oxygen at home?
There is a scientifically proven method to produce medical oxygen through concentrators. … Tarun Bhatnagar, a scientist at the ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology in Chennai, called the attempts to make homemade oxygen untested and unreliable methods.
What is properties of oxygen?
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It changes from a gas to a liquid at a temperature of -182.96C (-297.33F). The liquid formed has a slightly bluish color to it. Liquid oxygen can then be solidified or frozen at a temperature of -218.4C (-361.2F).
Why oxygen is used in steel plant?
Oxygen is used to increase ferromanganese production and to decrease the specific fuel consumption. In cupolas oxygen permits faster melting rates. It is concluded that more extensive use will be made of oxygen in the future.
What is steel made of?
steel, alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content ranges up to 2 percent (with a higher carbon content, the material is defined as cast iron).
What is the use of oxygen in steel plant?
Oxygen is used with fuel gases in gas welding, gas cutting, flame cleaning, flame hardening, and flame straightening. Oxygen is used in self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and in first aid centres and steel plant hospital.
What is BOF gas?
During the process of steel making in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), significant amount of gases, rich in carbon monoxide content, are generated during the blow time at a temperature of 950 deg C. This gas is termed as converter gas or BOF gas. Converter gas is also known as LD gas.
What is the meaning of Bessemer process?
: a process of making steel from pig iron by burning out carbon and other impurities by means of a blast of air forced through the molten metal.
Which fuel is used in steel industry?
The major energy source that is used as a feedstock in the steel industry is coal, and accounts for 80 percent of the total feedstock used in this industry. Coal is baked in a heated oven to produce coke and breeze.
What is EAF and BOF?
There are two ways to make steelin a Blast Furnace (BOF) or in an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). In the U.S., approximately 75% of steel is made using the EAF method, and 25% is made by integrated mills using a basic oxygen furnace (BOF). … They melt iron ore in a Blast Furnace to produce liquid iron.
What is graphite electrode?
MANILA (Reuters) – Graphite electrodes are the main heating element used in an electric arc furnace, a steelmaking process where scrap from old cars or appliances is melted to produce new steel. … Electrodes are made of graphite because only graphite can withstand such intense heat.
What is DRI scrap?
Direct-reduced iron has about the same iron content as pig iron, typically 9094% total iron (depending on the quality of the raw ore) so it is an excellent feedstock for the electric furnaces used by mini mills, allowing them to use lower grades of scrap for the rest of the charge or to produce higher grades of steel.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.