Biosurfactants are surface active molecules that have several applications in petrochemical, food and cosmetics industries, besides an important role in environmental protection, oil spills control, biodegradation, and detoxification of oil contaminated industrial effluents and soil (Khopade et al., 2012).
What do you mean by biosurfactant?
Microbial surfactants (Biosurfactants) are amphiphilic compounds produced in living spaces or excreted extracellular hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties that confer on the organism the ability to accumulate between fluid phases thus reducing surface and interfacial tension.
What are biosurfactant producing bacteria?
The 34 isolates associated with Bacillus, Streptomyces, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter and Staphylococcus genera retrieved from the three oil wells were identified as biosurfactant-producing bacteria using the oil–spreading and the drop collapse methods (Table 2).
How is biosurfactant made?
Biosurfactants are typically produced by microorganisms growing in hydrocarbons as a carbon source, which are usually expensive increasing the production cost [6].
What is an example of Bioaugmentation?
An example of how bioaugmentation has improved an environment, is in the coke plant wastewater in China. … In the enhanced microbial community indigenous microorganisms broke down the contaminants in the coke plant wastewater, such as pyridines, and phenolic compounds.
What is Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant?
Rhamnolipids are a class of biosurfactants which contain rhamnose as the sugar moiety linked to β-hydroxylated fatty acid chains. Rhamnolipids can be widely applied in many industries including petroleum, food, agriculture and bioremediation etc.
What is Biosurfactant example?
Examples include Pseudomonas aeruginosa which produces rhamnolipids, Candida (formerly Torulopsis) bombicola, one of the few yeasts to produce biosurfactants, which produces high yields of sophorolipids from vegetable oils and sugars, and Bacillus subtilis which produces a lipopeptide called surfactin.
What is lipopeptide Biosurfactant?
Lipopeptides are microbial surface active compounds produced by a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, and yeast. They are characterized by high structural diversity and have the ability to decrease the surface and interfacial tension at the surface and interface, respectively.
Is Surfactin an antibiotic?
The surfactin, Bacillus-derived cyclic lipopeptide, is an important antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity through disruption of the bacterial membrane (Carrillo et al. 2003; Chen et al. 2008).
How do you detect biosurfactant?
The concentrations of biosurfactant produced can then be determined using the oil spreading technique. Cultures negative by the drop collapse method could be screened by the oil spreading technique to detect those that produce low levels of biosurfactants.
How do I extract biosurfactant?
For the extraction of biosurfactant, cell-free supernatant was obtained through centrifugation of culture broth for 20 min at 10,000 rpm at 4°C which served as the source of crude biosurfactant. To amend the pH at 2, 6N HCl was added to the clear supernatant.
How do you characterize biosurfactant?
The surface tension of the cell-free broth was reduced from 55 to 25 mN/m. The yield of biosurfactant was 8.0 g/l with a CMC of 0.03%. The biosurfactant was characterized as an anionic lipopeptide composed of 50% protein, 20% lipids, and 8% of carbohydrates.
Why do bacteria produce biosurfactants?
Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by microbes (bacteria, fungi, and yeast) and have several advantages over the chemical surfactants, such as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, better environmental compatibility, higher foaming, high selectivity, and specific activity under extreme …
What is Bioemulsifier?
Bioemulsifiers are known as surface active biomolecule materials, due to their unique features over chemical surfactants, such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, foaming, biocompatibility, efficiency at low concentrations, high selectivity in different pH, temperatures and salinities.
What are the advantages of biosurfactants over chemical surfactants?
Biosurfactants have several advantages over chemical surfactants, including lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, effectiveness at extreme temperatures or pH values, biocompatibility, and digestibility.
What is bioremediation give an example?
Bioremediation companies that specialize in soil and groundwater use microbes that feed on the hazardous substances for energy, which results in the breakdown of the targeted contaminant. Examples include junkyards, industrial spills, land development, fertilizer use, and more.
What are the two types of bioremediation?
What are the Different Types of Bioremediation?
- Microbial bioremediation uses microorganisms to break down contaminants by using them as a food source.
- Phytoremediation uses plants to bind, extract, and clean up pollutants such as pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, and chlorinated solvents.
Which bacteria is used as biocontrol agent?
Important examples of microbial biocontrol agents include Bacillus thuringiensis, fluorescent pseudomonads and Beauveria bassiana.
How do you make rhamnolipids?
Rhamnolipids can be produced using sugars as carbon sources by bacteria such as P.aeruginosa and other non-pathogenic strains [45, 127,128,129]. It is known that less purification steps are required when sugars are used as carbon sources for rhamnolipids production.
Is Pyocyanin a toxin?
Pyocyanin (PCN−) is one of the many toxins produced and secreted by the Gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a blue, secondary metabolite with the ability to oxidise and reduce other molecules and therefore kill microbes competing against P.
Why do microorganisms produce rhamnolipids?
A large number of previous research supports the idea that these glycolipids mediate the uptake of hydrophobic substrates by bacterial cells. … However, current evidence confirms that rhamnolipids primarily play a role in surface-associated modes of bacterial motility and are involved in biofilm development.
How is bioremediation done?
Bioremediation relies on stimulating the growth of certain microbes that utilize contaminants like oil, solvents, and pesticides for sources of food and energy. … Bioremediation can either be done in situ, which is at the site of the contamination itself, or ex situ, which is a location away from the site.
What is the result of biodegradation?
Indeed, biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into smaller compounds by living microbial organisms [2]. … In growth, an organic pollutant is used as sole source of carbon and energy. This process results in a complete degradation (mineralization) of organic pollutants.
What is polymeric Biosurfactant?
Polymeric Biosurfactants. Emulsan, lipomanan, alasan, liposan and other polysaccharide protein complexes are the best-studied polymeric biosurfactants. Emulsan is an emulsifier for hydrocarbons in water at concentrations as low as 0.001% to 0.01% [31,32]. … lipolytica and is made up of 83% carbohydrates and 17% proteins.
How does daptomycin work?
Daptomycin has a distinct mechanism of action, disrupting multiple aspects of bacterial cell membrane function. It inserts into the cell membrane in a phosphatidylglycerol-dependent fashion, where it then aggregates. The aggregation of daptomycin alters the curvature of the membrane, which creates holes that leak ions.
How do Lipopeptides work?
Lipopeptides exert their effect by binding and disrupting the cell membrane integrity of the target bacteria and initiating a series of events that eventually leads to cell death.
What is Plipastatin?
Plipastatin is a potent Bacillus antimicrobial lipopeptide with the prospect to replace conventional antifungal chemicals for controlling plant pathogens.
What is Iturin A?
Iturin A, which is a cyclo-lipopeptide containing seven residues of α-amino acids (L-Asn-D-Tyr-D-Asn-L-Gln-L-Pro-D-Asn-L-Ser-) and one residue of a β-amino acid, is an essential ingredient of the antimicrobial substance.
What is sodium Surfactin?
KANEKA Surfactin (INCI Name: Sodium Surfactin) is a cyclic lipopeptide-based biosurfactant produced by a harmless microbial, Bacillus subtilis, during the process of fermentation. … KANEKA Surfactin is useful for making cleansing oil gel and small particle emulsion.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.