CD14 is a glycolipid-anchored membrane glycoprotein expressed on cells of the myelomonocyte lineage including monocytes, macrophages, and some granulocytes. CD14 is a key molecule in the activation of innate immune cells and exists as a membrane-anchored or soluble form.
Is CD14 a macrophage marker?
Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) was described as monocyte/ macrophage differentiation antigen on the surface of myeloid lineage, such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). … It has been commonly used in normal tissue or blood and in leukemia as a marker for myeloid cells.
What does CD14 stain for?
The CD14 antigen is expressed on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage including monocytes, macrophages and Langerhans cells. … Low expression is observed on neutrophils and on human B cells.
Do B cells express CD14?
The human B cell line RPMI 8226 exhibits variable staining with the CD14 antibody My4. … Thus, our findings demonstrated that human B cells can express functionally active CD14.
What is soluble CD14?
Soluble CD14 is associated with morbidity and mortality in HIV disease. It is a co-receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is released from monocytes upon activation.
Is CD14 a toll like receptor?
CD14 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored receptor known to serve as a co-receptor for several Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) both at the cell surface and in the endosomal compartment. CD14 can be expressed by cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin as a cell membrane or secreted protein.
Do all monocytes express CD14?
Monocytes express typical blood monocyte markers, such as CD14, CD11b, CCR2, and CD16, but at extravascular sites they possess higher levels of CD141, CD11c, HLA-DR, and CCR7, indicating a tissue-imprinted phenotypic change that is reminiscent of DCs (111, 114).
Do monocytes express CD16?
Human primary monocytes are heterogeneous in terms of phenotype and function, but are sub-divided only based on CD16 and CD14 expression. CD16 expression distinguishes a subset of monocytes with highly pro-inflammatory properties from non-CD16 expressing “classical” monocytes.
Are neutrophils CD14 positive?
Myeloblasts and other granulocytic precursors do not express CD14, but neutrophils and a small proportion of B lymphocytes may weakly express CD14. T cells, dendritic cells, and platelets are CD14-negative.
What is CCR2 gene?
CCR2 (C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CCR2 include Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Idiopathic Anterior Uveitis. Among its related pathways are A-beta Uptake and Degradation and Akt Signaling.
What are non classical monocytes?
Non-classical monocytes comprise about 2–11% of circulating monocytes. They are mobile in nature and patrol the endothelium in search of injury. They can have pro-inflammatory behavior and secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to infection.
Do B cells express CD16?
Early in development, murine B-lineage progenitor cells express two classes of IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaR) designated as FcgammaRII (CD32) and FcgammaRIII (CD16), but mature B lymphocytes only express FcgammaRII (CD32), which functions as an inhibitor of B-cell activation when it is induced to associate with mIgM.
What cells express CD20?
CD20 (cluster of differentiate 20) is a protein that is expressed on the surface of B cells, starting at the pre-B cell stage and also on mature B cells in the bone marrow and in the periphery.
Where are dendritic cells?
Dendritic cells are found in tissue that has contact with the outside environment such as the over the skin (present as Langerhans cells) and in the linings of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. Immature forms are also found in the blood.
Where is CD40 expressed?
CD40 is constitutively expressed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. It can also be expressed by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells.
Is CD14 a cytokine?
In vitro studies have shown that cells bearing the CD14 receptor bind LPS in the presence of LPS-binding protein (44) and are activated to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and a variety of other molecules active in the innate immune response.
Is CD14 a PRR?
CD14, one of the first identified PRRs, plays multiple roles in microbial recognition and signaling.
Is CD14 the same as TLR4?
The most important of the CD14 co-receptors is TLR4. … Two of the human TLRs (TLR4 and TLR2) have been reported to be associated with CD14 receptor and to mediate recognition of cell wall components from Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, respectively.
Do monocytes express HLA DR?
Monocytes express human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) molecules, which are responsible for antigen presentation to T cells, thereby presenting antigens to adaptive immune system cells.
What is CD16 a marker for?
CD16 is often used as an additional marker to reliably identify different subsets of human immune cells. Several other CD molecules, such as CD11b and CD33, are traditionally used as markers for human myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). … CD16 allows for distinction between these two types of granulocytes.
What is the main function of neutrophil?
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that helps heal damaged tissues and resolve infections. Neutrophil blood levels increase naturally in response to infections, injuries, and other types of stress. They may decrease in response to severe or chronic infections, drug treatments, and genetic conditions.
Do monocytes express CCR5?
Productive infection may be restricted to the small subset of monocytes that express relatively high levels of CCR5. The fact that MAb 2D7 blocked infection of monocytes indicates that infection of these cells also can occur via CCR5.
Do neutrophils express CD115?
In line with the literature, Ly6Chi monocytes are CD115+, while both neutrophils and eosinophils lacked CD115 expression (Figure 2C). Phenotypic studies were informative although not definitive in the identification of L-DC in relation to other myeloid subsets.
Do neutrophils express CD45?
Hypogranular neutrophils in the mono size/scatter gate will still express CD15 or CD16, plus CD45 differently. … For whole blood neutrophil gating, they are positive for: MPO/CD66abce/CD66b/CD11b.
What markers do neutrophils express?
In addition, CD66b/CEACAM-8, CD11b/Integrin alpha M, CD33, and the cytoplasmic marker, myeloperoxidase, are other common markers that are used to identify human neutrophils.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.