What are the two types of leprosy?

Leprosy has traditionally been classified into two major types, tuberculoid and lepromatous. Patients with tuberculoid leprosy have limited disease and relatively few bacteria in the skin and nerves, while lepromatous patients have widespread disease and large numbers of bacteria. What is lepromatous leprosy?
Lepromatous leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by pale macules in the skin. It results from the failure of Th1 cell activation which is necessary to eradicate the mycobacteria (Th1 response is required to activate macrophages that engulf and contain the disease).

What is Lepromin test?

A lepromin skin test is used to determine the type of leprosy a person has contracted. The lepromin skin test is also called the leprosy skin test. Leprosy is a long-term (chronic) condition caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. What is PB disease?
Paucibacillary (PB), or tuberculoid, Hansen’s disease is characterized by one or a few hypopigmented or hyperpigmented skin macules that exhibit loss of sensation (anesthesia) due to infection of the peripheral nerves supplying the region.

What causes leper?

Leprosy is caused by a slow-growing type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). Leprosy is also known as Hansen’s disease, after the scientist who discovered M. leprae in 1873. What is globi in leprosy?

The histiocytes may show vacuolated or frothy cytoplasm with a grayish-blue tinge (on H&E) due to clusters (globi) of leprosy bacilli. With modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain (Wade-Fite stain), the bacilli can be visualized in large numbers in histiocytes surrounding cutaneous nerves, blood vessels, and eccrine glands.

Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ)

What is borderline Tuberculoid leprosy?

Borderline tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by skin lesions similar to those of tuberculoid leprosy, but they are more numerous and may be accompanied by satellite lesions around large lesions. In borderline leprosy, skin lesions are numerous but remain asymmetrical.

What is dry leprosy?

Dry leprosy –> anaesthetic leprosy. a form of leprosy chiefly affecting the nerves, marked by hyperesthesia succeeded by anaesthesia, and by paralysis, ulceration, and various trophic disturbances, terminating in gangrene and mutilation.

What is type 2 lepra reaction?

Type 2 lepra reaction is an immunologically mediated Gell and Coomb’s type III hypersensitivity reaction. It presents in patients with lepromatous and borderline lepromatous leprosy usually before, during and rarely after multidrug therapy (MDT) for leprosy.

What is type 2 reaction in leprosy?

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), also known as lepra type 2 reaction, is a complication of lepromatous leprosy. It is characterized by the development of inflamed subcutaneous nodules accompanied at times by fever, lymphadenopathy, and arthralgias.

What is Type 1 and type 2 lepra reaction?

When is lepromin test positive?

When the reaction is read at 3-4 weeks, it is called the Mitsuda reaction, and a positive result indicates that the immune system is capable of mounting an efficient cell-mediated response.

Why lepromin test is done?

Why the Test is Performed Leprosy is a long-term ( chronic ) and potentially disfiguring infection if left untreated. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria. This test is a research tool that helps classify the different types of leprosy. It is not recommended as the main method to diagnose leprosy.

What is Paucibacillary and Multibacillary leprosy?

Paucibacillary patients are those who are skin smear negative and show no evidence of more advanced disease on biopsy. Multibacillary patients are those who are skin smear positive and/or have a biopsy indicating more advanced disease.

What does Multibacillary mean?

[mul″tĭ-bas´ĭla-re] having numerous bacilli; see leprosy.

What does APBD stand for?

Adult polyglucosan body disease Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is a condition that affects the nervous system. People with APBD typically first experience signs and symptoms related to the condition between ages 35 and 60.

What is Paucibacillary TB?

Paucibacillary: A low bacterial load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in patients which compromises accurate disease diagnosis (Dam & Bose, 2002 (Velayati et al., 2009). …

Are there still leper colonies?

A tiny number of Hansen’s disease patients still remain at Kalaupapa, a leprosarium established in 1866 on a remote, but breathtakingly beautiful spit of land on the Hawaiian island of Molokai. Thousands lived and died there in the intervening years, including a later-canonized saint.

Are lepers curable?

In the United States, leprosy is no longer an uncontrollable disease. It can be cured. With treatment, you can prevent problems, such as the loss of feeling or blindness. These problems can only develop when someone has leprosy for a long time.

When did the last leper leave spinalonga?

1957 The island served as a leper colony through the 18th and 19th century, and even into the 20th century, the last leper leaving in 1957.

What is Fite stain?

Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Stain (Wade-Fite Stain): Mycobacterium leprae are much less acid- and alcohol-fast as compared to mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mycolic acid coat of leprosy bacilli is less strong and is easily decolorized by the standard Ziehl-Neelsen technique.

What is Fite Faraco stain?

The Fite Faraco technique is the oldest method used to detect Mycobacterium leprae in tissue specimens. … Mycobacterium tuberculosis is diagnosed using the Ziehl-Neelsen Stain/Acid-Fast Stain which differentiates acid-fast from non-acid-fast bacilli.

What is solid fragmented granular?

Solid bacilli are evenly stained; in fragmented bacilli the acid-fast substance is interrupted at one or more points, but at least one fragment displays an elongated form; also single very short rods; and granular bacilli are round granules either in line or in clumps .

What are the three types of leprosy?

The first system recognizes three types of leprosy: tuberculoid, lepromatous, and borderline. A person’s immune response to the disease determines which of these types of leprosy they have: In tuberculoid leprosy, the immune response is good.

What are the cardinal signs of leprosy?

The cardinal signs of leprosy include hypoesthesia, skin lesions, and peripheral neuropathy. The first physical signs of leprosy are usually cutaneous. The subtype of leprosy often determines the degree of skin involvement.

Is there a vaccine for leprosy?

There is no vaccine generally available to specifically prevent leprosy. However, the vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), called the BCG vaccine, may provide some protection against leprosy. This is because the organism that causes leprosy is closely related to the one that causes TB.