What does Bioconjugate mean in chemistry?

Definition. Bioconjugate chemistry is the study of linking one molecule to another by chemical or biological means. The resulting complexes will typically be formed from at least one biomolecule, though they can also be purely synthetic molecules with a biological application.

What are bio conjugates?

Bioconjugates are a growing class of biopharmaceuticals that are developed by attaching two molecules together, of which at least one is a biomolecule.

What is a bioconjugate vaccine?

Glycoconjugate vaccines, where a surface polysaccharide from a pathogen is attached to an immunogenic protein, are among the safest and most efficacious vaccines in use today, and are a major focus for novel vaccine development.

What is Bioconjugation used for?

Bioconjugation is a chemical technique used to couple two molecules together, at least one of which is a biomolecule, such as a carbohydrate, nucleic acid, or protein. Proteins are especially diverse biomolecules due to the variety of amino acids available and are thus important substrates in bioconjugation reactions.

What is ADC in immunology?

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of highly potent biological drugs built by attaching a small molecule anticancer drug or another therapeutic agent to an antibody, with either a permanent or a labile linker. The antibody targets a specific antigen only found on target cells.

What is PEGylation of proteins?

PEGylation is a biochemical modification process of bioactive molecules with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which lends several desirable properties to proteins/peptides, antibodies, and vesicles considered to be used for therapy or genetic modification of cells.

What is meant by conjugated protein?

A conjugated protein is defined as a protein to which another chemical group (e.g., carbohydrate) is attached by either covalent bonding or other interactions (Wong, 1991).

Is there a vaccine for K pneumoniae?

There are currently no FDA-licensed vaccines for treatment or prevention of K. pneumoniae infection. An immunotherapy approach using passive or active vaccines could provide a viable alternative to the use of antibiotics for treatment/prevention of severe K.

Is there a vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial pneumonia and its associated mortality. Moreover, extensively drug-resistant high-risk clones are globally widespread, presenting a major challenge to the healthcare systems. Despite this, no vaccine is available against this high-concerning pathogen.

Is there a vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is any type of illness caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. There are two kinds of pneumococcal vaccines available in the United States: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or PCV13. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or PPSV23.

What Bioconjugation agent is most commonly used for elimination of drugs and toxins?

Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a gold standard in bioconjugation and nanomedicine to prolong blood circulation time and improve drug efficacy.

What are biomolecules?

Definition: A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living organisms.

Is cysteine an amino acid?

Cysteine is a non-essential amino acid important for making protein, and for other metabolic functions.

How many ADCs are approved?

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are becoming increasingly prominent in the oncology landscape. Eleven ADCs are marketed worldwide for haematological and solid tumour malignancies, of which six have gained regulatory approval since 2019.

What is ADC treatment?

Antibody-drug conjugates or ADCs are a class of biopharmaceutical drugs designed as a targeted therapy for treating cancer. Unlike chemotherapy, ADCs are intended to target and kill tumor cells while sparing healthy cells. As of 2019, some 56 pharmaceutical companies were developing ADCs.

What is an ADC linker?

ADC linkers are one of the three main components of the antibody drug conjugates (ADC) that connect an antibody with a potent drug (payload) through a chemical bond.

What medicines use Peg?

Top Medications with this Excipient

What drugs are PEG used in?

FDA Approved PEGylated Drugs Up To 2021

Entry Drug Average MW of PEGs
22 Neulasta 20 kDa
23 Pegasys 40 kDa
24 Pegintron 12 kDa
25 Oncaspar 69-82 X 5 kDa

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What are the major benefits of protein PEGylation?

In general, PEGylation improves drug solubility and decreases immunogenicity. PEGylation also increases drug stability and the retention time of the conjugates in blood, and reduces proteolysis and renal excretion, thereby allowing a reduced dosing frequency.

What are the 3 types of protein?

The three structures of proteins are fibrous, globular and membrane, which can also be broken down by each protein’s function. Keep reading for examples of proteins in each category and in which foods you can find them.

Is conjugated protein present in milk?

Casein and whey protein are the major proteins of milk. Casein constitutes approximately 80%(29.5 g/L) of the total protein in bovine milk, and whey protein accounts for about 20% (6.3 g/L) (19-21). Casein is chiefly phosphate-conjugated and mainly consists of calcium phosphate- micelle complexes (20).

What are the types of conjugated protein?

Some examples of conjugated proteins are lipoproteins, glycoproteins, Nucleoproteins, phosphoproteins, hemoproteins, flavoproteins, metalloproteins, phytochromes, cytochromes, opsins, and chromoproteins. Hemoglobin contains the prosthetic group known as heme.