Fracture of the capitellum is an intra-articular fracture of the elbow, analogous to the Hoffa fracture of the knee. It is a rare fracture which represents an injury to the lateral column of the distal humerus. The mechanism of injury is usually an axial loading through the radial head [3].
What is capitellum?
The capitellum, also referred to as the capitulum, is the lateral part of the humeral condyle that articulates with the radial head.
Where is the capitellum bone?
In human anatomy of the arm, the capitulum of the humerus is a smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.
What is the capitulum bone?
Immediately lateral to the trochlea is the capitulum (“small head”), a knob-like structure located on the anterior surface of the distal humerus. The capitulum articulates with the radius bone of the forearm. … These spaces accommodate the forearm bones when the elbow is fully bent (flexed).
Is the capitulum a condyle?
Although not generally termed condyles, the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus act as condyles in the elbow, and the femur head acts as a condyle in the hip joint.
Is the capitulum medial or lateral?
The capitulum is on the lateral side, the trochlea is medial. On the posterior surface, above the trochlea is a large dent, called the olecranon fossa. The proximal end of the ulna fits into this fossa when the elbow is extended.
Is the Capitellum cartilage?
There are two cartilage-covered parts of the end on the humerus: The trochlea on the inside of the elbow. The capitellum on the outside of the elbow.
What are the trochlea and capitulum?
The trochlea and capitulum are the rounded, smooth, knuckle-like surfaces at the anterior and distal end of the humerus. The elbow flexes and extends around these structures. Two outcroppings of bone flank the trochlea and capitulum.
Is the capitulum part of the trochlea?
The trochlea has the capitulum located on its lateral side and the medial epicondyle on its medial. It is directly inferior to the coronoid fossa anteriorly and to the olecranon fossa posteriorly.
What articulates with the capitulum?
The capitulum laterally articulates with the radius; the trochlea, a spool-shaped surface, articulates with the ulna.
How do you palpate capitulum?
What is the trauma mechanism that is associated with osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum?
OCD happens when the repetitive trauma results in a blood supply injury to the capitellum and the bone either fails to develop from the cartilage a child was born with, or the maturing bone dies and therefore softens and collapses.
How do you remember capitulum and Trochlea?
The mnemonic of the order of appearance of the individual ossification centers is C-R-I-T-O-E: Capitellum, Radial head, Internal (medial) epicondyle, Trochlea, Olecranon, External (lateral) epicondyle.
What is capitulum in biology?
capitulum An inflorescence that consists of closely packed flowers or florets which have no stalks and arise on a flattened axis, all at the same level. The capitulum is surrounded or subtended by an involucre of bracts giving it the appearance of a single flower. Capitula are typical of the Compositae.
What part of the radius articulates with the capitulum?
The radius articulates proximally at the elbow with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna. It articulates at its distal end with the ulna at the ulnar notch and with the articular surfaces of the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones.
Is the capitulum part of the ulna?
Capitulum of humerus – Capitulum humeri In dog and cats, the condyle is divided in two parts: The trochlea, the medial part, that articulates with ulna. The capitulum, the lateral part; that articulates with radius.
What is the function of Epicondyles?
An epicondyle is a special feature found on long bones. It serves as a point of attachment for tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect muscle to bone while ligaments connect bones to other bones.
What is the difference between epicondyle and condyle?
The condyle is smooth and round whereas epicondyle is rough. Epicondyle is a projection on the condyle. The main difference between condyle and epicondyle is that condyle forms an articulation with another bone. whereas epicondyle provides sites for the attachment of muscles.
How can you tell the difference between a humerus and a femur?
Humerus is located in the upper arm, whereas femur is found in the upper leg. The length and the average diameter of the femur are higher than that of humerus. Femur is the largest bone in the body while humerus is the second largest.
How can you tell if a humerus is left or right?
Look for the deep olecranon fossa on the lower (distal) end. Rotate the humerus so that the capitulum and trochlea face YOU. If the capitulum is on the left side of the bone, it is a left humerus. If the capitulum is on the right side, it is a right humerus.
Which bone is the shortest in the forearm?
Compared to the ulna, the radius is slightly shorter, thinner, and located on the medial side of the forearm. The radius is narrowest at the elbow and widens as it extends towards the wrist.
What is the function of the humerus trochlea?
The trochlea forms the articular surface of the medial column of the elbow and is responsible for allowing ulnohumeral flexion and extension. Fractures of the humeral trochlea can result in elbow stiffness, instability, and post-traumatic arthritis.
What is osteochondritis dissecans?
Osteochondritis dissecans is a bone and cartilage condition that most often occurs in the knee. It has no known cause, but repetitive stress on the joint, low vitamin D and a genetic predisposition are often linked to this condition.
Where is Semilunar notch located?
The trochlear notch (/ˈtrɒklɪər/), also known as semilunar notch and greater sigmoid cavity, is a large depression in the upper extremity of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus (the bone directly above the ulna in the arm) as part of the elbow joint. It is formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process.
Is the trochlea anterior or posterior?
The medial portion of the articular surface of distal humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity.
What bone pivots on the capitulum?
The loose union of the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius allows the radius to pivot as well as flex and extend. The pivoting of the radius allows for the supination and pronation of the hand at the wrist.
What is Panner disease?
Panner’s disease causes elbow pain around the outside part of the elbow. The pain usually gets worse with activity, such as throwing a ball, and becomes better with rest. The elbow also may be stiff, swollen, and hurt to touch.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.