What is a nerve ligation?

What is a nerve ligation?

In this model, referred to as the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of nerve injury, the spinal nerve (ventral ramus) of one or more spinal ganglia is tightly ligated and/or cut at a point before the spinal nerve joins a common nerve.

What is partial sciatic nerve ligation?

The partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) model of neuropathic pain refers to a rodent neuropathic pain model that is produced by tightly ligating the dorsal third to half of the common sciatic nerve at the upper-thigh level (Seltzer et al. 1990).

What is the chronic constriction injury model?

The chronic constriction injury model is a rat model of neuropathic pain based on a unilateral loose ligation of the sciatic nerve. The aim of the present study was to test its sensitivity to various clinically validated and experimental drugs.

What is spared nerve injury?

The spared nerve injury (SNI) model involves partial nerve injury where the common peroneal and tibial nerves are injured, producing consistent and reproducible pain hypersensitivity in the territory of the spared sural nerve (Decosterd and Woolf, 2000; Shields et al., 2003 ).

What is a spinal nerve ligation?

Definition. The spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain, refers to a rodent neuropathic pain model that is produced by tightly ligating the lumbar segmental spinal nerve (L5 alone or both L5 and L6) (Kim and Chung 1992).

What is a constriction injury?

Definition. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) is a partial nerve injury, mostly used in rodents, which is produced by tying several ligatures around a nerve, such that these ligatures slightly constrict the nerve. This induces an incomplete nerve injury, which entails behavioral signs of hyperalgesia in the animals …

What does allodynia mean?

Allodynia is a type of neuropathic pain (nerve pain). People with allodynia are extremely sensitive to touch. Things that don’t usually cause pain can be very painful. These may include cold temperatures, brushing hair or wearing a cotton t-shirt. Allodynia can result from several conditions.

What is mechanical allodynia?

Mechanical allodynia (other pain) is a painful sensation caused by innocuous stimuli like light touch. Unlike inflammatory hyperalgesia that has a protective role, allodynia has no obvious biological utility.

What is SNI surgery?

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) procedure consists of transection and displacement of the tibial and common peroneal nerves, sparing the adjacent sural and saphenous nerves.

What are usually the first signs of fibromyalgia?

Main signs and symptoms

• fatigue.
• lack of energy.
• trouble sleeping.
• depression or anxiety.
• memory problems and trouble concentrating (sometimes called fibro fog)
• headaches.
• muscle twitches or cramps.
• numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.

What are the 18 signs of fibromyalgia?

The 18 tender points for fibromyalgia include:

• Lower neck in front.
• Edge of upper breast.
• Arm near the elbow.
• Knee.
• Base of the skull in the back of the head.
• Hip bone.
• Upper outer buttock.
• Back of the neck.

What is the difference between Hyperpathia and allodynia?

Hyperpathia is a clinical symptom of certain neurological disorders wherein nociceptive stimuli evoke exaggerated levels of pain. This should not be confused with allodynia, where normally non-painful stimuli evoke pain.

What does allodynia feel like?

The main symptom of allodynia is pain from non-painful stimuli. Some people with allodynia may experience severe pain even from a few hairs brushing against their skin. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Some people may feel a burning sensation while others feel an ache or squeezing pain.

Can allodynia be caused by stress?

Whereas acute stress often results in analgesia, chronic stress can trigger hyperalgesia/allodynia. This influence of long-term stress on nociception is relevant to numerous painful pathologies, such as fibromyalgia (FM), characterized by diffuse muscular pain (hyperalgesia) and/or tenderness (allodynia).

How is allodynia measured?

Mechanical allodynia is often tested by quantifying tactile sensitivity, using a set of von Frey filaments (also referred to as Semmes-Weinstein [S-W] monofilaments, a series of nylon monofilaments of increasing stiffness that exert defined levels of force as they are pressed to the point where they bend; Stoelting Co. …

What is the von Frey test?

The mechanical sensitivity (Von Frey) test consists of thin calibrated plastic filaments that are applied to the plantar surface of the hindpaw. Von Frey filaments of different gauges or stiffness are used to determine the threshold that elicits a hindpaw withdrawal response.