Alkylphenols are used to make alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are widely used as industrial surfactants. They are used as emulsifiers for polymerization, as detergents and pesticides, and in the processing of wool and metals.
What is alkylphenol ethoxylate?
Alkylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants, consisting of branched-chain alkylphenols, which react with ethylene oxide, producing an ethoxylate chain. The octyl and nonyl groups in alkylphenols are made from diisobutylene and tripropylene, respectively.
What foods contain alkylphenols?
Due to the contamination of the environment and food chain, exposure can occur via food and, to a lesser extent, contaminated drinking water (ECB, 2002). Alkylphenols have been found in edible fish and shellfish species, as well supermarket foods (see table 1).
What is an alkyl phenol?
Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols. The term is usually reserved for commercially important propylphenol, butylphenol, amylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and related long chain alkylphenols (LCAPs).
What are ethoxylated alcohols?
Ethoxylated alcohols are the largest family of nonionic surfactants. They are highly useful in applications that serve multiple markets. Each consists of a hydrophobic group from oleochemical or petrochemical source combined with varying amount of ethylene oxide.
Is alkyl a phenol?
An alkylphenol is a phenol derivative wherein one or more of the ring hydrogens has been replaced by an alkyl group(s).
Is ethoxylated alcohol toxic?
Alcohol ethoxylates are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects. One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen. Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation.
What does APEO free mean?
The manufacturers have often developed APEO-free raw materials and these raw materials would be possible substitutes in the actual products without or with few adjustments in the product formulation. … This means that substitution of other raw materials can be necessary even if they do not contain APEO.
What is a surfactant chemistry?
Surfactant, also called surface-active agent, substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties.
How do you pronounce alkylphenols?
What is APEO and NPEO?
NPEO’s are widely used as surfactants for both the textile and leather industry. … Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) is the term used to describe the group of organic substances of which NPEO is one. These are mainly used as washing and cleaning agents (i.e. surfactants) and are used for textile and leather processing.
How does phenol react with acylation?
Ch24 – Acylation of phenols. Phenols are examples of bidentate nucleophiles, meaning that they can react at two positions: on the aromatic ring giving an aryl ketone via C-acylation, a Friedel-Crafts reaction or, on the phenolic oxygen giving an ester via O-acylation, an esterification.
Is ethoxylated alcohol an alcohol?
What is ethoxylation of alcohol? Alcohol ethoxylates belong to the class of compounds which are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two parts one a carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and the second part a hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.
What are ethoxylated ingredients?
Ethoxylation is the process of reacting ethylene oxide with other chemicals to make them less harsh. Ethoxylation can create small amounts of 1,4-dioxane and leave residual ethylene oxide in the product. FOUND IN: shampoo, liquid soap, bubble bath, hair relaxers.
What is secondary alcohol ethoxylate?
Secondary alcohol ethoxylate is a cleaning agent, or surfactant, that can be found in cleaners and detergents. This ingredient is widely used because it biodegrades relatively rapidly. … As an emulsifier, it helps bind ingredients together and keep a formula from separating.
What is ethoxylate used for?
Ethoxylates (aka Alcohol ethoxylates or AEs) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries.
Which alcohol is bad for skin?
Alcohol denat (also known as denatured alcohol) is part of a group of alcohols that have low-molecular weights and can be drying and sensitising for skin. Alcohol denat in skincare is bad news for skin. It’s harsh nature can strip your skin of moisture and dry out your skin over time, all in all it is best avoided.
What is fatty alcohol ethoxylate?
Fatty alcohol ethoxylates are made from ethylene oxide and fatty alcohol. They are used as key and intermediate ingredients in the manufacture of personal and home care products, including shampoos, shower creams, detergents, dishwashing liquids and cleaning agents.
Why is APEO bad?
APEOs have hormone disruptive properties and they are toxic to aquatic organisms. They degrade by losing ethoxylate groups and eventually form extremely harmful Nonylphenol or Octylphenol (NP/OP). NP mimics oestrogen, a human hormone and this has been found to cause hormonal disturbances in aquatic life.
How do I remove NPEO from fabric?
There are two simple treatments one can try. 1.Do hot soaping using a real APEO free surfactant, followed by 2 hot and cold washes. 2. Treat at 70°C with Formic acid 2gms/liter for 30 minutes, followed by 2 hot and cold washes.
What is APEO in English?
masculine noun. Law) surveying. Architecture) (= soporte) prop ⧫ support.
What is surfactant in the lungs?
Surfactant is an agent that decreases the surface tension between two media. The surface tension between gaseous-aqueous interphase in the lungs is decreased by the presence of a thin layer of fluid known as pulmonary surfactant. The pulmonary surfactant is produced by the alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells of the lungs.
Are surfactants toxic?
Skin irritancy of surfactants is related to their physico-chemical properties. Surfactants can be split into two well-separated classes: toxic and mild. Ionic surfactants can be mild; non-ionic surfactants can be toxic.
What is a surfactant in medical terms?
Surfactant: A fluid secreted by the cells of the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs) that serves to reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids; surfactant contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissue, preventing the alveoli from collapsing.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.