What is an approach embankment?

Source: Standard Specifications. An embankment beneath a Structure and extending 100 feet beyond a Structure’s end (at Subgrade elevation for the full embankment width) plus an access ramp on a 10:1 slope to the original ground elevation.

What is bridge embankment?

Embankment. A raised area, or angled grading of fill used in roadway approaches. Fill. Earth, stone or other material used to raise the ground level, form an embankment or fill the inside of an abutment or pier. Footing.

Where the approaches are to be constructed in cutting?

The abutments and piers or these arches are constructed sufficiently strong to take their lateral thrust Arch culverts are especially suitable where the approaches are to be constructed in cutting.

How long are approach slabs?

In bridge design, as in life. To avoid a hard point on a bridge, you construct an approach slab. This is a concrete slab below the pavement that extends ten or fifteen feet beyond the edge of the bridge.

What is the edge of a bridge called?

The side edges(arrises) of the barrel are called the intrados and extrados, The lower surface is called the soffit and the upper surface is the arch-back.

Why is an approach slab provided in bridge?

The purpose of the bridge approach slab is to significantly reduce local settlement and to accommodate global settlement by providing a gradual transition between the roadway and the bridge deck. … All bridge preliminary plans shall show approach slabs at the ends of the bridges.

What is abutment and pier?

Pier are the internal supports of the bridge. Abutments are the ends supports of the bridge. Pier can use more than two in bridge construction. Pier are constructed between the abutments.

What is abutment dam?

Abutment – That part of the valley side or concrete walls against which the dam is constructed. An. artificial abutment is sometimes constructed where there is no suitable natural abutment.

What are embankments used for?

An embankment is any long ridge made out of soil or rock. Embankments are used, for example, to carry railways over river floodplains. Most embankments, however, are placed alongside rivers to hold them in during times when otherwise the rivers might flood.

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What is abutment in bridge construction?

A bridge abutment is a structure which connects the deck of a bridge to the ground, at the ends of a bridge span, helping support its weight both horizontally and vertically.

What are the components of bridges?

All the basic components are placed inside three main bridge areas – Foundation (which holds the shallow or deep base of the bridge and transfers it’s load to the bearing strata, this includes foundations below the main span of the bridge and the abutments below starting points of the bridge), Substructure (piers, …

What is a road approach?

“Approach road” means any public or private roadway or driveway connection between the outside edge of the shoulder or curb line and the right-of-way line of a public or county road, intended to provide vehicular access to, from, or across said public or county road and the adjacent or adjoining property.

What is Stringer bridge?

Beam bridges, also known as stringer bridges, are the simplest structural forms for bridge spans supported by an abutment or pier at each end. … The main beams could be I-beams (also known as H-beams), trusses, or box girders. They could be half-through, or braced across the top to create a through bridge.

What is economical span of bridge?

The span of the bridge for which the total cost of the bridge is minimum is called economic span. … In other words, Economical span is defined as that span for which the total cost of the substructure is equal to the total cost of superstructure.

What is deck slab bridge?

Deck slab-a slab of concrete used to make the base for the roadway, railway, pedestrian walkaway, etc. on the bridge.

What are the supports of a bridge called?

Abutment: Abutments are the elements at the ends of a bridge that support it. They absorb many of the forces placed on the bridge and act as retaining walls that prevent the earth under the approach to the bridge from moving.

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What is the bridge support?

n. 1 a structure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacle. 2 something that resembles this in shape or function.

What are bridge pillars called?

A pier, in architecture, is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge. Sections of structural walls between openings (bays) can function as piers.

What is a bearing on a bridge?

A bridge bearing carries the loads or movement in both vertical and horizontal directions from the bridge superstructure and transfers those loads to the bridge piers and abutments. The loads can be live load and dead load in vertical directions, or wind load, earthquake load, etc., in horizontal directions.

What is a sleeper slab?

A SLEEPER SLAB is a reinforced concrete block supporting the end of the concrete approach slab at the approach roadway end. It is typically used when preformed elastomeric compression joint seals are not used between the concrete pavement sections.

What is apron slab?

An apron slab is a smooth impermeable surface constructed around a water point to prevent spilt water soaking into the ground. … Apron slabs are not only used with handpumps installed over boreholes.

What is Ante’s law?

Ante’s law states that “the total periodontal membrane area of the abutment teeth must equal or exceed that of the teeth to be replaced.”1 For more than 80 years, this law has been taught in standard textbooks of prosthodontics as an important condition influencing FDP design.

What is pier cap?

The upper or bearing part of a bridge pier; usually made of concrete or hard stone; designed to distribute concentrated loads evenly over the area of the pier.

What is piers in bridge?

A bridge pier is a type of structure that extend to the ground below or into the water. It is used to support bridge superstructure and transfer the loads to the foundation. The bridge piers can be constructed to be substantially attractive and strong in order to withstand both vertical and horizontal loads.

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What is upstream of dam?

An upstream tailings dam consists of trapezoidal embankments being constructed on top but toe to crest of another, moving the crest further upstream. This creates a relatively flat downstream side and a jagged upstream side which is supported by tailings slurry in the impoundment.

What is overflow dam?

a dam designed for raising the water level of rivers or for creating a reservoir; it permits the overflow of water during the passage of excess (flash-flood) discharges over the entire length of the dam crest or through drain openings.

What is crest of spillway?

Spillway crest means the elevation of the floor of a spillway, grade control structure, or ogee crest above which spillway flow begins.

What is canal embankment?

A road, railway line, or canal is normally raised onto an embankment made of compacted soil (typically clay or rock-based) to avoid a change in level required by the terrain, the alternatives being either to have an unacceptable change in level or detour to follow a contour.

What is embankment and subgrade?

The subgrade is that portion of a road- way immediately below the surface, base or sub-base. … An embankment is that portion of a roadway which has been built above the original ground by depositing material obtained from cuts or borrow pits. The upper layer of an embankment is also the subgrade.

What is subgrade in road construction?

In transport engineering, subgrade is the native material underneath a constructed road, pavement or railway track (US: railroad track). It is also called formation level. The term can also refer to imported material that has been used to build an embankment.