(uh-TEN-yoo-way-ted) Weakened or thinned. Attenuated strains of disease-causing bacteria and viruses are often used as vaccines. The weakened strains are used as vaccines because they stimulate a protective immune response while causing no disease or only mild disease in the person receiving the vaccine.
What is an attenuated microorganism?
Weakened, or attenuated, vaccines consist of microorganisms that have lost the ability to cause serious illness but retain the ability to stimulate immunity. They may produce a mild or subclinical form of the disease.
Which vaccines are attenuated?
The live, attenuated viral vaccines currently available and routinely recommended in the United States are MMR, varicella, rotavirus, and influenza (intranasal). Other non-routinely recommended live vaccines include adenovirus vaccine (used by the military), typhoid vaccine (Ty21a), and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG).
What does it mean if a vaccine is attenuated?
Live attenuated vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been “weakened”(attenuated) so that they create a protective immune response but do not cause disease in healthy people.
What is attenuated effect?
1 : lessened or weakened (as in amount, force, or magnitude) It wasn’t that there was less effect, or an attenuated effect.
What does the term attenuated mean?
1 : to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of : weaken … shows great skill in the use of language to moderate or attenuate the impact of awkward facts.— Bernard Lewis. 2 : to reduce the severity, virulence, or vitality of an attenuated virus. 3 : to make thin or slender Glass can be attenuated into fibers.
How are pathogens attenuated?
An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or live). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent.
What is attenuated infection?
The author considers attenuated infection to be a state of truce or peaceful coexistence between the host and the infecting agent. This phenomenon is manifested in the carrier state, microbial persistence, and latent infections.
What is an example of attenuated vaccine?
Examples of currently available live, attenuated vaccines against viral infections include measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), cowpox, yellow fever, influenza (FluMist®) intranasal vaccine), and oral polio vaccine. Live, attenuated bacterial vaccines include tuberculosis, BCG, and oral typhoid vaccine.
How do attenuated vaccines work?
Live, attenuated vaccines fight viruses and bacteria. These vaccines contain a version of the living virus or bacteria that has been weakened so that it does not cause serious disease in people with healthy immune systems.
Is polio live attenuated vaccine?
OPV is made with live attenuated (weakened) polioviruses that can result in a case of VAPP. VAPP is sporadic and rare. There is very little evidence that the vaccine virus circulates from VAPP cases, and there are no outbreaks associated with VAPP.
Which of the following are characteristics of live attenuated vaccines?
Live vaccines use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease. Because these vaccines are so similar to the natural infection that they help prevent, they create a strong and long-lasting immune response.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of live attenuated vaccines?
Live attenuated vaccine strains offer advantages in terms of enhancing cell mediated immunity and allowing inoculation by the oral route. However, main failures of these vaccines are the limited cross-protection achieved against heterologous serovars and interference with serological monitoring for infection.
Is Influenza Vaccine Live attenuated?
A live attenuated influenza vaccine (FluMist Quadrivalent), which is given intranasally. This vaccine is approved for people 2 through 49 years of age. Live attenuated influenza vaccine should not be given to people who are pregnant, immunocompromised persons, and some other groups.
What does attenuated mean in biology?
Attenuated: Weakened, diluted, thinned, reduced, weakened, diminished. … Now attenuated refers to procedures that weaken an agent of disease (a pathogen). An attenuated virus is a weakened, less vigorous virus.
What does non attenuated mean?
: not reduced, weakened, or lessened in amount, effect, or force : not attenuated an unattenuated signal.
What does attenuated mean in research?
Attenuation is a statistical concept that refers to underestimating the correlation between two different measures because of measurement error. Because no test or other measurement of any construct has perfect reliability, the validity of the scores between predictor and criterion will decrease.
What does highly attenuated mean?
In brewing, attenuation refers to the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by the fermentation process; the greater the attenuation, the more sugar has been converted into alcohol. A more attenuated beer is drier and more alcoholic than a less attenuated beer made from the same wort.
What is the synonym of attenuate?
Synonyms & Near Synonyms for attenuate. attenuated, elongate. (or elongated), linear.
What does attenuate mean in audio?
The Attenuate or ATT is a setting available on select home theater systems that can be enabled to prevent distortion issue on the component or device connected to the AUDIO IN (L/R) jacks. When this setting is enabled, it will reduce the input level on the unit.
What is toxoid give example?
Toxoids are used extensively in the production of vaccines, the most prominent examples being the toxoids of diphtheria and tetanus, which are often given in a combined vaccine. Toxoids used in modern vaccines are commonly obtained by incubating toxins with formaldehyde at 37° C (98.6° F) for several weeks.
Can attenuated virus cause infection?
These attenuated viruses can infect and replicate in the recipient and produce a protective immune response without causing disease.
Why is it easy to attenuate viruses than bacteria?
Answer. It may be because most viruses are genetically less complex than bacteria and contain only a small number of genes, so a few mutations can result in attenuation of pathogenicity.
What is a virulent virus?
Definition. A virus that lyses its host immediately upon infection and often cause disease. Supplement.
When is live attenuated vaccines contraindicated?
A severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to a vaccine component is a contraindication to any vaccine containing that component, and a severe allergy following a dose of vaccine is a contraindication to subsequent doses of that vaccine. Severe immunosuppression is a contraindication to live, attenuated vaccines.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.