What is arterial perfusion?

Perfusion is the passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue, usually referring to the delivery of blood to a capillary bed in tissue.

What is trap pregnancy?

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP sequence) is a rare condition of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It arises when the cardiac system of one twin does the work of supplying blood for both twins. The twin supplying the blood is known as the pump twin and develops normally in the womb.

Is an Acardiac twin alive?

The “acardiac twin” has no chance of survival. Due to the absence of a beating heart, the acardiac does not send blood to any portion of the placenta, and all of its blood supply comes from and goes back to the circulation of the pump twin through unique vascular connections on the surface of the shared placenta.

How common is TRAP sequence?

TRAP sequence affects approximately 1 percent of monochorionic pregnancies, with an incidence of 1 in 35,000 births.

What do perfusionist do?

Cardiovascular perfusionists are responsible for operating extracorporeal circulation equipment, such as the heart-lung machine, during an open-heart surgery or any other medical procedure in which it is necessary to artificially support or temporarily replace a patient’s circulatory or respiratory function.

How common is Acardiac twin?

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) used to be known as acardiac twin pregnancy. It is a very rare type of twinning that is only seen in pregnancies with only one placenta, happening in about 1 in every 35,000 identical twin births.

What locked twins?

Introduction. Locking or locked twins is a rare condition in which during birth, a fetus in a breech position becomes locked at the chin with his twin fetus who is in a vertex position. And, it occurs in about 1 in every 1000 twin births. The stillbirth rate of locked twins is estimated to be 50%.[1]

What is Acardiac twin?

Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, also called TRAP sequence, TRAPS, or acardiac twinning, is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is a severe variant of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

What is vanishing twin?

Vanishing twin syndrome is a type of miscarriage. When more than one embryo appears to be developing in your uterus, you might be told that you’re carrying twins — or in some cases, triplets or more. Later in the pregnancy, though, one of the embryos or fetuses may no longer be detected.

What is a fetus in fetu?

Introduction Fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 1:500,000 births that is characterized by the incorporation of one or more partially-developed fetuses into the body of an otherwise normally developed fetus.

Is Superfetation possible in humans?

Its likelihood of occurring in humans is controversial. It’s considered extremely rare. There are only a few cases of supposed superfetation in the medical literature. Most cases occurred in woman undergoing fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

What causes fetus Papyraceus?

Fetus papyraceous usually results from missed abortion occurring at the end of the first trimester or early in the second trimester while the other fetus goes on to full development. The amniotic fluid is absorbed and the retained dead fetus is compressed between the sac of the surviving co-twin and the uterine wall.

What causes Acardiac twin?

One theory holds that the TRAP anomaly is caused by an abnormal twining event. Deep placental anastomoses in early embryogenesis cause malformation of the acardiac twin. The early pressure flow in one twin exceeds that of other, leading to the reversal of flow in the umbilical artery of the co-twin.

What is fetal Papyraceous?

Introduction. The term fetus papyraceous is used when intrauterine fetal demise of a twin occurs early in pregnancy, with retention of the fetus for a minimum of 10 weeks resulting in mechanical compression of the small fetus and loss of fluid such that it resembles parchment paper.

What is twin transfusion syndrome?

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiples. TTTS occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb.

Is a perfusionist a doctor?

Cardiac perfusionists, also referred to as perfusion technologists or certified clinical perfusionists (CCP), are not physicians or nurses but perform as vital a role during heart surgery. Training typically involves two years of focused studies following the completion of a bachelor’s degree program.

How long does it take to become a perfusionist?

To become a perfusionist, it will typically take you a minimum of four to six years. The amount of time it takes to become a perfusionist varies depending on the type of educational program you enroll in. Perfusionist programs are offered at the certificate, bachelor’s and master’s degree level.

Where can perfusionist work?

Perfusionists typically work in operating rooms in hospitals and surgical centres during heart and lung surgery, but they also work in ICUs. Perfusionists are responsible for monitoring patients both before and after a procedure.

Why are identical twins called monozygotic?

Identical twins are also known as monozygotic twins. They result from the fertilization of a single egg that splits in two. Identical twins share all of their genes and are always of the same sex. In contrast, fraternal, or dizygotic, twins result from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy.

Are all monochorionic twins monozygotic?

By definition, essentially all monochorionic twins are monozygotic. In contrast, among spontaneously conceived same-sex dichorionic twins, approximately 18% are monozygotic.

What is Acardly anomaly?

Acardiac twin is a rare congenital anomaly of monozygotic twin pregnancy, which occurs due to twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence. The incidence of an acardiac twin is 1 in 35 000 pregnancies¹ and it affects approximately 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies.

What is the biggest risk of a prolapse cord?

The greatest risk factors are an abnormal position of the baby within the uterus and a premature or small baby. Other risk factors include a multiple pregnancy, more than one previous delivery, and too much amniotic fluid. Whether medical rupture of the amniotic sac is a risk is controversial.

When a baby is transverse what position is it in?

This baby is in a transverse lie — positioned horizontally across the uterus, rather than vertically. In a transverse lie, the baby’s back might be positioned: Down, with the back facing the birth canal. With one shoulder pointing toward the birth canal.

What is Stage 3 twin to twin transfusion syndrome?

Stage 3: The imbalance of blood flow starts to affect the heart function in one or both babies. This is seen in abnormal blood flow in the umbilical cords or hearts of the twins.

Can a child be born pregnant?

A baby born in Hong Kong was pregnant with her own siblings at the time of her birth, according to a new report of the infant’s case. The baby’s condition, known as fetus-in-fetu, is incredibly rare, occurring in only about 1 in every 500,000 births.

What is it called when you eat your twin?

Vanishing twin syndrome, which refers to the condition in which one twin dies and is “absorbed” by the other, or by the mother or the placenta, occurs in anywhere from 20% to 30% of pregnancies with multiple babies.

Can you actually eat your twin in the womb?

Vanishing twin syndrome was first recognized in 1945. This occurs when a twin or multiple disappears in the uterus during pregnancy as a result of a miscarriage of one twin or multiple. The fetal tissue is absorbed by the other twin, multiple, placenta or the mother. This gives the appearance of a “vanishing twin.”

Why do they call them rainbow Babies?

A rainbow baby is a name coined for a healthy baby born after losing a baby due to miscarriage, infant loss, stillbirth, or neonatal death. The name “rainbow baby” comes from the idea of a rainbow appearing in the sky after a storm, or after a dark and turbulent time.

When a twin dies does the other feel it?

Twins literally do not know how to exist as one. When a twin dies, the twinless twin longs to reconnect. The twinless twin may have phantom pain or feel half dead. He or she may feel a need to represent both him or herself and the deceased twin or may even take on behaviors of the deceased twin.

Can you naturally have quadruplets?

The couple conceived quadruplets naturally, an extremely rare occurrence that happens in just 1 in 700,000 pregnancies. Approximately 90 percent of quadruplets are conceived with the assistance of medical technology.