What is batch and continuous sterilization?

Continuous sterilization is the rapid transfer of heat to medium through steam condensate without the use of a heat exchanger. Once the media is in a holding loop, steam is injected to the system via a nozzle. … Batch sterilization is the reduction of contaminant organisms through the heating of a vessel.

Is the advantage of batch sterilization?

Explanation: The advantage of batch sterilization over continuous sterilization is that it has lower capital of equipment costs. Whereas the medium quality, automatic control, ease of scale-up are the advantages of continuous sterilization.

How do you create a batch sterilization process?

The following information must be consider for the design of a batch sterilization process: (i) A profile of the increase and decrease in the temperature of the fermentation medium during the heating and cooling periods of the sterilization cycle. (ii) The number of micro-organisms originally present in the medium.

What are the 4 methods of sterilization?

4 Main Methods of Sterilization | Organisms | Microbiology

What is the difference between batch and continuous fermentation?

Batch Fermentation: Here the fermenter is first filled with the raw material (carbon source). … Continuous Fermentation: Here the exponential growth rate of the microbes is maintained in the fermenter for prolonged periods of time in by the addition of fresh media are regular intervals.

What is batch fermentation?

1 Batch fermentation. Batch fermentation is a process where all the substrate and nutrients are added at zero time or soon after inoculation takes place, and the vessel is allowed under a controlled environment to proceed until maximum end product concentration is achieved.

What is Del factor?

Del factor is defined as an estimate of relative reduction in the number of living cells with respect to their initial number.

What is the use of Del factor?

Del is used as a shorthand form to simplify many long mathematical expressions. It is most commonly used to simplify expressions for the gradient, divergence, curl, directional derivative, and Laplacian.

What is Del factor in sterilization?

Deindoerfer and Humphery used the term ln (Nt / N0) as a design criterion for the sterilization which has been called as DEL Factor or NABLA factor. So a regime of time and temperature can be determined if we want to achieve the desired Del factor.

How do you calculate F0?

To calculate the F0 value, average the temperature of each probe during the sterile hold and then average the different temperatures to get one single temperature.

How do you sterilize parenteral products?

To ensure patient safety, parenteral/injectable drug products must be sterilized to destroy any potential microbial contaminants (fungi, bacteria). The most common sterilization method involves heating under pressure in the presence of water to generate steam; this method is recommended by various pharmacopeias.

What is medium sterilization?

Media sterilization is the destruction or removal of all forms of microbial life from the aqueous feedstock. In industrial fermentations, components such as vessels, pipework, media, inlet air, and exhaust gases are frequently sterilized by a combination of wet-heat and filtration methods.

What are the 5 methods of sterilization?

Top 5 Methods Used for Sterilization | Microbiology

Which is the best method of sterilization?

(i) Wet Heat/Steam Sterilization- In most labs, this is a widely used method which is done in autoclaves.. Autoclaves use steam heated to 121–134 °C under pressure. This is a very effective method that kills/deactivates all microbes, bacterial spores and viruses.

What are the two main methods of sterilization?

The methods are: 1. Moist Heat Sterilization 2.Dry Heat Sterilization 3. Gas Sterilization and Others.

Which is better batch or continuous fermentation?

Batch fermentation is suitable for the production of secondary metabolites. Continuous fermentation is suitable for the production of primary metabolites. Chance of contamination is less in batch fermentation. Chance of contamination is high in continuous fermentation.

How does batch fermentation work?

In batch fermentation, microorganisms are inoculated to a fixed volume of medium in a fermentor. With microbial growth, the nutrients are gradually consumed and by- products accumulate. Therefore the culture environment is continuously changing. The broth is removed at the end of the run.

Which operating system is better batch or continuous?

Both processes have their advantages and disadvantages. However, because of the decreased cost, increased quality, and increased productivity, continuous flow is usually the better choice in most applications.

What is batch culture used for?

Fed-batch culture has been used in two major ways by the fermentation industry: To control the oxygen uptake rate of the process organism such that its oxygen demand does not exceed the oxygen supply capacity of the fermenter. To control the specific growth rate at an optimum value for product formation.

What is batch fermentation Slideshare?

Batch fermentation Continuous fermentation Batch fermentation ; Nutrients are added in the fermentation for the single time only the growth continuous until the particular nutrient are exhausted.

What is batch culture definition?

Definition. noun, plural: batch cultures. A large-scale closed system culture in which cells are grown in a fixed volume of nutrient culture medium under specific environmental conditions (e.g. nutrient type, temperature, pressure, aeration, etc.)

What is filter sterilization?

Last updated on June 21st, 2021. Filtration is the preferred method of sterilizing heat sensitive liquid and gases without exposure to denaturing heat. Rather than destroying contaminating microorganisms, it simply removes them.

What is continuous sterilization?

Continuous sterilization is the rapid transfer of heat to medium through steam condensate without the use of a heat exchanger. Once the media is in a holding loop, steam is injected to the system via a nozzle. The medium stays in this loop for a predetermined holding time until the entire medium is sterile.

How do you sterilize air?

Air or other gases can be sterilized by filtration, heat, UV radiation and gas scrubbing. Among these, heat and filtration are most commonly used.

Which is the best suitable method for sterilization of fermenter and pipe works?

Many autoclave loads and most fermenters and piping systems can be sterilized using a “gravity cycle.” This method depends upon steam flowing throughout the system in a directional way to ensure air is swept out of the system.

What is the function of the holding loop?

Explanation: The function of the holding loop is to sterilize the medium. The heating coil or loop sterilizes the medium and the cooling loop or coil cools the medium to the fermentation temperature. This is the basic process of continuous sterilization.

What is the required temperature to achieve disinfection?

The two common steam-sterilizing temperatures are 121°C (250°F) and 132°C (270°F). These temperatures (and other high temperatures)830 must be maintained for a minimal time to kill microorganisms.

What is holding time in sterilization?

The holding time is the time the whole load must be held at sterilising temperature. This time depends on the temperature selected, for example 121oC for 15 minutes holding time or 134oC for 3 minutes holding time (see table below).

What is types of sterilization?

Which is the criterion for the scale up of sterilization?

No volume factor appears in this equation and thus, thenutrient quality criterion is independent of scale. For proper scale-up of a sterilization operation where process yield varies with sterilization conditions, it is necessary that both sterilization and quality similarity must be maintained.