What is cadmium sulfide used for?

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is an important direct intermediate bandgap (2.42eV at 300K) with excellent thermal and chemical stability and strong optical absorption and is used in solar cells, PDs, light emitting diodes, and lasers (Chuu & Dai, 1992; Jie et al., 2006; Leheny, Shaklee, Ippen, Nahory, & Shay, 1970; Li et al., …

Is cadmium sulfide toxic?

Cadmium sulfide is toxic, especially dangerous when inhaled as dust, and cadmium compounds general are classified as carcinogenic.

What are CdS nanoparticles used for?

CdS nanoparticles have applications as an excellent photographic developer for detection of cancers and other diseases [9] and in treatment of cancer cells [17]. The antibacterial and antifungal biological activity on various food borne bacteria and fungi can be studied with the use of CdS nanoparticles [18].

What kind of compound is cadmium sulfide?

inorganic compound Cadmium sulfide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CdS. It is a yellow solid and a semiconductor of electricity. It occurs in nature with two different polymorphs, cubic hawleyite, and hexagonal greenockite.

What foods are high in cadmium?

The food groups that contribute most of the dietary cadmium exposure are cereals and cereal products, vegetables, nuts and pulses, starchy roots or potatoes, and meat and meat products. Due to their high consumption of cereals, nuts, oilseeds and pulses, vegetarians have a higher dietary exposure.

What makes cadmium toxic?

Ingested cadmium is usually stored in the liver, kidneys, and bones. Eliminating cadmium absorption naturally is a slow process, and cadmium can last for decades in the human body. One of the main causes of cadmium toxicity in the United States is cigarette smoke.

What is the most toxic form of cadmium?

Cadmium may interact with metabolism of calcium, vitamin D3 and collagen. Therefore osteomalacia or osteoporosis could be observed in delayed manifestations of severe cadmium poisoning (22). Itai-itai disease is the most severe form of chronic cadmium intoxication.

Are fumes from cadmium compounds toxic?

Long-term chronic occupational exposure can cause emphysema in humans. In experimental animals, inhalation of soluble cadmium compounds has been shown to produce acute lung injury (chemical pneumonitis) and chronic lung injury (fibrosis and emphysema).

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Is cadmium sulfide flammable?

ICSC 0404 – CADMIUM SULFIDE. Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Use water spray, powder.

How do you synthesis cadmium nanoparticles?

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using cadmium chloride (CdCl2), sodium sulfide (Na2S) and water as a solvent by varying temperatures from 20-80 degrees C.

What is CdSe in chemistry?

Cadmium selenide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdSe. It is a black to red-black solid that is classified as a II-VI semiconductor of the n-type. Much of the current research on this salt is focused on its nanoparticles.

What is the charge for Cd?

+2 In its compounds cadmium exhibits almost exclusively the +2 oxidation state, as in the colourless Cd2 + ion, which forms a number of stable complex ions, especially halide complexes. A few compounds of the +1 oxidation state have been prepared by dissolving cadmium metal in molten doubly charged cadmium (Cd2 +) halides.

What is cadmium sulfide made from?

of some economic value is cadmium sulfide, CdS. Generally produced by treating cadmium solution with a soluble sulfide, it is a bright yellow pigment known as cadmium yellow, which is used in high-grade paints and artist’s pigments because of its colour stability and resistance to sulfur and oxidation. One other

Where is cadmium found?

It is most often found in small quantities in zinc ores, such as sphalerite (ZnS). Cadmium mineral deposits are found in Colorado, Illinois, Missouri, Washington and Utah, as well as Bolivia, Guatemala, Hungary and Kazakhstan. However, almost all cadmium in use is a by-product of treating zinc, copper and lead ores.

What is lead sulfide used for?

Lead sulfide finds applications in the following: Infrared detectors. Photo optic applications. Slip property modifier used in friction industry for enhancing heat conduction and regulating friction coefficient.

How do I reduce cadmium in my body?

Suggestions to reduce the risk of exposure to cadmium include:

  1. Stop smoking. …
  2. Try to avoid inhaling other people’s cigarette smoke.
  3. Eat a healthy balanced diet with only moderate amounts of shellfish and organ meats.
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Does coffee contain cadmium?

Apart from antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, coffee contains carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen compounds, vitamins and minerals, including toxic elements such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) [12, 14, 15].

Do eggs have cadmium?

After egg production stopped in the highest injected group (7.5 mg Cd/kg), Cd in the yolks of eggs had an accumulated range of 0.02-0.03 microgram/g wet weight. … Furthermore, the Cd concentration in the follicle walls of the ovary increased and was 13- to 52-fold higher than in the follicle yolks.

What are the signs of cadmium poisoning?

Breathing in cadmium can result in:

  • Flu-like symptoms, such as body aches, chills, weakness.
  • Vomiting.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Abdominal pain.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Swelling of the nose, pharynx, and larynxwith chronic inhalation.

How long does it take to get cadmium poisoning?

Cadmium is used for many items, including electroplating, storage batteries, vapor lamps and in some solders. The onset of symptoms may be delayed for two to four hours after exposure. Overexposure may cause fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and fever.

How do you know if you have cadmium poisoning?

Acute. Acute exposure to cadmium fumes may cause flu-like symptoms including chills, fever, and muscle ache sometimes referred to as the cadmium blues. Symptoms may resolve after a week if there is no respiratory damage. More severe exposures can cause tracheobronchitis, pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema.

Does all chocolate contain cadmium?

Generally, the cadmium rate in processed chocolate is minimal because of the mixing of raw chocolate with milk, sugar and syrup during production. The chocolate level in a product is between 10% (for milk chocolate) and 70-100% (for dark chocolate).

How bad is cadmium for your health?

Cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic and exposure to this metal is known to cause cancer and targets the body’s cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory systems.

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What are the effects of cadmium on humans?

Acute inhalation exposure (high levels over a short period of time) to cadmium can result in flu-like symptoms (chills, fever, and muscle pain) and can damage the lungs. Chronic exposure (low level over an extended period of time) can result in kidney, bone and lung disease.

Is cadmium a human carcinogen?

Animal studies have demonstrated an increase in lung cancer from long-term inhalation exposure to cadmium. EPA has classified cadmium as a Group B1, probable human carcinogen.

Can cadmium be absorbed through the skin?

Absorption through the skin is not a significant route of cadmium entry; only about 0.5% of cadmium is absorbed by the skin (ATSDR 1999).

What does cadmium smell like?

Cadmium does not have a definite taste or odor. Cadmium is not mined, but it is a by-product of the smelting of other metals such as zinc, lead, and copper. Cadmium is used in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries and for metal plating.

Are CDS ionic?

Is cadmium soluble in water?

Cadmium metal and its oxides are insoluble in water. Occurs in an oxidation state of +2. … Some cadmium salts are water soluble such as cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate and cadmium nitrate; other insoluble salts can become more soluble by interaction with acids, light or oxygen. The melting point of cadmium is 321 C.

What is the solubility of cadmium sulfide?

The solubility of cadmium sulfide in water (pH=7) is found to be: 7.910 5 moll 1 in contrast with the literature value of 9.010 6 moll 1.