FMA. 24496. Anatomical terms of bone. In humans and many other primates, the calcaneus (/kælˈkeɪniəs/; from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock.
What is the calcaneal tubercle?
The calcaneal tuberclet is a bony eminence, often double, on the inferior surface of the calcaneus at the anterior end of the area for attachment of the long plantar ligament.
What is the purpose of calcaneal tuberosity?
The inferior surface (plantar surface) of calcaneus is bounded posteriorly by a transverse elevation, the calcaneal tuberosity,which is depressed in the middle and prolonged at either end into a process; the lateral process, small, prominent, and rounded, gives origin to part of the Abductor digiti quinti; the medial …
What muscles insert on the calcaneus?
The calcaneus is the largest bone in the foot. It projects posterior to the tibia and fibula and acts as a short lever for the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) which insert onto its posterior surface via the Achilles tendon.
Is calcaneus an irregular bone?
The calcaneus is an irregular, roughly box-shaped bone sitting below the talus. Its long axis is orientated along the mid-line of the foot, however deviates lateral to the mid-line anteriorly. It projects posteriorly to form the core of the heel.
Where is Calcis located?
The pubic bone; the anteroinferior part of the hip bone.
What attaches to the calcaneal tubercle?
The Achilles tendon attaches to the calcaneal tubercle. The extensor digitorum brevis: It originates on the dorsolateral side of the calcaneus and provides extension of the second to fourth digits. The abductor hallucis: It originates on the medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and abducts the first digit.
Where is the medial calcaneal tubercle?
The medial tuberosity is the main aspect of the calcaneus through which weight bearing takes place. The medial and lateral tuberosities are the points at which the intrinsic muscles in the first layer of the foot originate. It is also the point at which the plantar fascia attaches.
What is medial tubercle?
Description. Medial process of the groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus.
What is the navicular tuberosity?
The navicular tuberosity is an osseous prominence that arises on the medial aspect of the navicular bone. It is responsible for the insertion of plantar and medial navicular ligaments, and the posterior tibial tendon as well.
What type of bone is the navicular?
tarsal bone The navicular is an intermediate tarsal bone on the medial side of the foot, which articulates proximally with the talus. Distally it articulates with the three cuneiform bones. In some individuals it also articulates laterally with the cuboid. The tibialis posterior tendon inserts into the navicular bone.
What causes a calcaneal stress fracture?
What causes Calcaneal Stress Fracture? A broken heel bone usually happens due to an acute, high-stress injury like a motor vehicle accident, a fall from a high position, or a traumatic twist of the ankle.
How do you side a calcaneus?
Siding the calcaneus based on its overall shape: If the overall calcaneal form is relatively well-preserved, but the articular facets themselves have degraded or have been caked with intractable sediment, the easiest way to side the bone is, somewhat counter-intuitively, to flip it over.
What is between talus and calcaneus?
The subtalar joint, between the talus and calcaneus, is part synovial and part syndesmosis. The anterior synovial part of the joint is separated from the posterior synovial part of the joint by a funnel-shaped channel called the sinus tarsi.
How strong is the calcaneus?
The calcaneus/Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the body. The load during walking is estimated to be 2.5 times the body weight, and running may increase this up to 6–12 times (Komi et al.
What type of bone is a calcaneus?
The calcaneus (heel bone) is the largest of the tarsal bones in the foot. It lies at the back of the foot (hindfoot) below the three bones that make up the ankle joint. These three bones are the: Tibia — shinbone.
What surrounds the calcaneus?
The medial surface of the calcaneus is dominated by the sustentaculum tali (Fig. 4). The inferior surface of the sustentaculum tali is grooved for the flexor hallucis longus tendon.
What is irregular bone?
Irregular bones vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category (flat, short, long, or sesamoid). They often have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect internal organs. For example, the vertebrae, irregular bones of the vertebral column, protect the spinal cord.
What is a Calcis?
In people and numerous different primates, the calcaneus or os calcis, from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, which means heel or heel bone is a bone of the bone structure of the foot which establishes the heel.
What is calcaneus Secundarius?
An os calcaneus secundarius is an accessory ossicle of the anterior calcaneal process present in up to 5% of the population at cadaveric examination. The ossicle can be a cause of ankle pain and may mimic bifurcate ligament avulsion fracture of the anterior calcaneal process.
Is the calcaneus the strongest bone?
Answer and Explanation: The calcaneus is part of the tarsal bones, and is the largest and strongest.
What tendon is attached to the calcaneus?
The Achilles tendon is a thick tendon located in the back of the leg. It connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the calf to an insertion point at the calcaneus (heel bone).
Does the fibula articulate with calcaneus?
The talus articulates superiorly with the distal tibia, the medial malleolus of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus of the fibula to form the ankle joint. The talus articulates inferiorly with the calcaneus bone. The sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus helps to support the talus.
What attaches to the posterior calcaneus?
The posterior part of the calcaneus is circular, with three facets (superior, middle and inferior). The superior facet is separated from the calcaneal tendon by the retrocalcaneal bursa. The middle facet provides the attachment site for the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon).
How do you treat insertional Achilles tendonitis?
Non-surgical treatments for insertional Achilles tendonitis may include some of the following:
- Rest. Resting the Achilles by avoiding exercises or movements at the first sign of pain is highly recommended. …
- Ice. …
- Anti-inflammatory Medications. …
- EPAT Therapy Treatment (Shockwave) …
- Heel Lift and Walking Boot. …
- Physical Therapy.
How do you treat calcaneus pain?
How can heel pain be treated?
- Rest as much as possible.
- Apply ice to the heel for 10 to 15 minutes twice a day.
- Take over-the-counter pain medications.
- Wear shoes that fit properly.
- Wear a night splint, a special device that stretches the foot while you sleep.
- Use heel lifts or shoe inserts to reduce pain.
What causes Achilles tendinopathy?
Causes of achilles tendinopathy Achilles tendinopathy is usually caused by overusing your Achilles tendon. This can cause very small tears to develop in your tendon. Without treatment, these tears won’t heal and your tendon can get weaker. You may be more likely to get Achilles tendinopathy as you get older.
What is the calcaneal region?
the region of the heel. Synonym(s): regio calcanea [TA], calcaneal region.
What is a Shepherd’s fracture?
A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.
What is calcaneal Enthesophyte?
1. Introduction. Calcaneal spur, also known as enthesophyte, is an abnormal bone outgrowth at the inferior part of the calcaneus, from the site of the fibrocartilaginous attachment, specifically the plantar fascia ligament, which is the most common site of a bony spur [1,2].
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.