Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. This chemokine is also known as 6Ckine (because it has six conserved cysteine residues instead of the four cysteines typical to chemokines), exodus-2, and secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC).
What cells express CCL21?
Secondary lymphoid chemokine (CCL21) (thymus-derived chemokine 4, 6Ckine or Exodus 2) is produced by several cell types that include high endothelial venules, lymphoid endothelial cells as well as the stromal cells within T cell areas of lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer’s patches.
What produces CCL21?
CCL21-Ser is produced by stromal cells in the T cell area and by the high endothelial venules of the secondary lymphoid tissues, CCL21-Leu by the lymphatic endothelium alone (1).
What binds to CCL21?
CCL21 chemokine binds the G protein-coupled receptor CCR7, aiding not only in immune response but also in cancer metastasis. Compared with other chemokines, CCL21 has a unique extended unstructured C-terminus that is truncated in some naturally occurring variants.
Where is CCR7 found?
lymphoid tissues CCR7 Chemokine Receptor CCR7 is expressed in various lymphoid tissues including B and T lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells (DC).
Where is CXCL13 found?
CXCL13 is elevated in serum of prostate cancer patients and was found to be a better predictor of prostate cancer than prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Also, CXCL13 is highly expressed in human bone marrow endothelial cells and osteoblasts, but not in osteoclasts, in response to IL-6 treatment.
Which Cell Type S is associated with fibroblastic reticular cells?
Fibroblastic reticular cells The network of fibers supports and guides the movement of dendritic cells (DCs), T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.
Where are high endothelial venules located?
lymph nodes In humans, HEVs are found in all secondary lymphoid organs (with the exception of spleen, where blood exits through open arterioles and enters the red pulp), including hundreds of lymph nodes dispersed in the body, tonsils and adenoids in the pharynx, Peyer’s patches (PIs) in the small intestine, appendix, and small …
What does CCL19 and CCL21 do?
Our findings indicate that CCL19 and CCL21 are potent natural adjuvants for terminal activation of DCs and suggest that chemokines not only orchestrate DC migration but also regulate their immunogenic potential for the induction of T cell responses.
What is the function of CCR7?
CCR7 was described initially as a potent leukocyte chemotactic receptor that was later shown to be responsible of directing the migration of dendritic cells (DCs) to the lymph nodes where these cells play an important role in the initiation of the immune response.
What cells express CCR7?
CCR7, an orphan receptor formerly known as EBI1 (EBV-induced gene 1),1 is the chemokine receptor for CCL19/ELC/MIP-3 beta and CCL21/SLC/6Ckine. It is expressed on T cells and dendritic cells (DC), consistent with the chemotactic action of CCL19 and CCL21 for both lymphocytes and mature DC.
What are CCL19 CCL21 and CCR7?
Abstract. The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs.
What cells express CXCL13?
CXCL13 is expressed by both follicular dendritic cells (14) and GC Tfh cells (15, 16) in the B-cell follicles.
What produces CXCL13?
In homeostasis, CXCL13 is produced by high endothelial venules and by the follicular dendritic cells in B cell follicles.
What is MIP3A?
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) or liver activation regulated chemokine (LARC) or Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 (MIP3A) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes and weakly attracts neutrophils.
Which collagen type is produced by fibroblastic reticular cells?
collagen alpha-1(III) A reticular cell is a type of fibroblast that synthesizes collagen alpha-1(III) and uses it to produce reticular fibers. The cell surrounds the fibers with its cytoplasm, isolating it from other tissue components and cells.
What is the role of reticular cells in the bone marrow?
Reticular cells provide structural support, since they produce and maintain the thin networks of fibres that are a framework for most lymphoid organs. Macrophages help eliminate invaders by engulfing foreign materials and initiating the immune response.
What are stromal reticular cells?
A recently identified stromal subset, marginal reticular cells (MRCs), covers the margin of SLOs that are primarily located in the outer edge of follicles and construct a unique reticulum. MRCs are closely associated with specialized endothelial or epithelial structures for antigen transport.
What are endothelial venules?
High endothelial venules (HEVs) are blood vessels especially adapted for lymphocyte trafficking which are normally found in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer’s patches.
What is venules in biology?
A venule is a small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows deoxygenated blood to return from capillary beds to larger blood vessels called veins. Venules range from 8 to 100μm in diameter and are formed when capillaries come together. Many venules unite to form a vein.
Where are HEV in lymph nodes?
The term HEV will be used to describe those postcapillary venules within lymph nodes which support the migration of naive lymphocytes from the blood irrespective of exact endothelial height.
Where are CCL19 and CCL21 displayed?
CCR7 and CCR5 and immune anatomy CCL19 and CCL21 are expressed on high endothelial venules and in the T-cell zones in lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs, and these chemokines are required for trafficking and positioning of T cells and DCs within secondary lymphoid organs.
Is CCL19 a cytokine?
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta (MIP-3-beta). … This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7.
Is CCR7 intracellular?
Chemokine receptor CCR7 induces intracellular signaling that inhibits apoptosis of mature dendritic cells. Blood.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.