What is scale-up and scale down in bioreactor?

Scale-down bioreactors have been applied in bioprocess development to study the response of microbial cell factories and other expression systems to various stress-inducing concentration gradients (scale-up effects) that occur in large-scale bioreactors (Neubauer & Junne, 2016; Nienow et al., 2013).

What is scale-up in bioprocessing?

These bioprocesses are usually developed at small laboratory scale. … Later, the established processes are stepwise transferred to larger volumes until the final industrial production-scale is reached. This procedure is known as scale-up.

What could ruin the entire cell culture batch during the scale-up process?

Studies by Löffelholz show that using different impeller types, stirring methods, and sparging strategies can all make cell culture performance go awry during scale-up (12).

What are the various factors which were followed while scaling up process in the bioreactor?

Bioreactor scale-up

What do you mean by scale down?

scaled down. DEFINITIONS1. to make something smaller in size, amount etc than it used to be. The search operation has been scaled down.

What is meant by flooding in bioreactor?

Flooding refers to a fluid flow phenomenon whereby counter-current two-phase flow is reversed and runs concurrent in the direction of the initial gas/vapor phase flow when filling, or flooding, a nuclear reactor core with coolant.

What is scale up in biotechnology?

Scaling up is the process of expanding a process from small scale to a larger scale. So, here scaling up is defined as the conversion of a laboratory scale plant into a manufacturing unit.

What is the importance of scale up in biotechnology?

Its purpose is to translate the lab-scale process into a realistic scaled-down version of the manufacturing process. In most cases, the process is not fully integrated; i.e. each individual unit operation is operated batch-wise.

What is the importance of scale up?

Identifying, verifying and making available the current scale-up status of a business is one of the most important tools for boosting productivity, so access to better, faster data about scale-ups is crucial.

What happens in a bioreactor?

Bioreactors are vessels that have been designed and produced to provide an effective environment for enzymes or whole cells to transform biochemicals into products. In some cases, inactivation of cells or sterilization is carried out in the bioreactor such as in water treatment.

What is bioreactor cell culture?

Bioreactor is defined as a vessel that carries out a biological reaction and is used to culture aerobic cells for conducting cellular or enzymatic immobilization.

When dissolved oxygen is lower than the critical concentration in mammalian cell culture systems cell viability declines because of?

The cell concentration declined at lower DO because of incomplete glutamine oxidation, and the specific lactate production from glucose increased to offset the reduced energy production from glutamine.

What is scale process?

The scale of a chemical process refers to the rough ranges in mass or volume of a chemical reaction or process that define the appropriate category of chemical apparatus and equipment required to accomplish it, and the concepts, priorities, and economies that operate at each. …

What does it mean to scale up and down?

To scale vertically (or scale up/down) means to add resources to (or remove resources from) a single node in a system, typically involving the addition of CPUs or memory to a single computer.

How do you scale up and down ratios?

What is a scale that goes downward?

A scale is a group of notes that are arranged by ascending or descending order of pitch. In an ascending scale, each note is higher in pitch than the last one, and in a descending scale, each note is lower in pitch than the last one.

What is the phenomenon of flooding in the fermenter?

Flooding is the phenomenon where the air-flow dominates the flow pattern and is due to an inappropriate combination of airflow rate and speed of agitation.

Which bioreactor is characterized by height to diameter ratio?

Explanation: Tower fermenters are the vessels which are characterized by a high height-to-diameter ratio anywhere around 6:1 to 15:1. Aeration is provided by gas sparging via a sample sparger near the fermenter base. 5.

What is scale up production?

Scale-up is the term used to refer to the increase in the batch size of a product. For example, if a drug is successful, then it may scale-up multiple times throughout its life cycle to meet growing demand. Eventually, scaling down may also happen in response to shrinking demand for drug.

What are the factors considered in scale up process?

The 5 Factors To Consider When Scaling Up Your Process-Driven Sustainable Technology

What do you mean by scale up in microbiology?

Cambridge Dictionary defines scale-up as increasing something in size, amount, or production. Microbial processes involve cultivation of microbes in bioreactors (also referred to as fermentors) to produce a product, as well as the subsequent recovery and purification of the product and disposal of associated wastes.

Which are the new sets of challenges we face while scaling up the production?

There are several challenges which are economic, financial, technical, and cultural in nature. Here are top five categories of challenges in scaling up.

What is the importance of scaling in data analysis?

Feature Scaling or Standardization: It is a step of Data Pre Processing that is applied to independent variables or features of data. It basically helps to normalize the data within a particular range. Sometimes, it also helps in speeding up the calculations in an algorithm.