INTRODUCTION. Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is an extremely rare anomaly in which both testes descend through the same inguinal canal into the same hemiscrotum and is usually associated with an inguinal hernia. Most patients with TTE present with contralateral inguinal hernia and a unilateral cryptorchidism.
Where is ectopic testis found?
An ectopic testis is one that is located in an aberrant position off the path of normal descent (Fig. 43-3). The most common site of palpable ectopia is the superficial inguinal pouch of Denis-Browne, located between Scarpa’s fascia and the external oblique fascia above the external inguinal ring.
What is the difference between ectopic testis and undescended testis?
Ectopic testes are a rare congenital anomaly, differing from undescended testis (cryptorchidism) in that ectopic testis is a congenitally abnormally located testis, that has descended from the abdominal cavity away from the normal path of descent while undescended testis are congenitally abnormally located testis …
What causes epididymitis?
Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, usually caused by an infection. Most cases of epididymitis are caused by bacterial infection from a urinary tract infection or a sexually transmissible infection (STI) such as gonorrhoea or chlamydia. Treatment options include antibiotics and bed rest.
How can cryptorchidism be treated?
The main treatment for cryptorchidism is surgery to move the testicle into the scrotum (orchidopexy). This surgery is nearly 100% successful. If a testicle has not fully descended by the age of 6 months, surgery should be performed within the subsequent year.
Is an ectopic pregnancy?
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy most often occurs in a fallopian tube, which carries eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. This type of ectopic pregnancy is called a tubal pregnancy.
What could happen if a testis is left ectopic?
The ectopic testicle may create problems if not surgically removed, such as testicular cord torsion, pain or colic signs, neoplastic transformation, or undesired male behavior.
What is Cremasteric reflex?
The cremasteric reflex is a superficial reflex found in human males that is elicited when the inner part of the thigh is stroked. Stroking of the skin causes the cremaster muscle to contract and pull up the ipsilateral testicle toward the inguinal canal.
Does retractile testicle cause infertility?
Conclusion(s): Our data support the hypothesis that prepubertal retractile testis showing signs of reduced consistency and size is a risk factor for adult infertility and requires treatment.
Is retractile testicle normal?
Conclusions: A retractile testis is not a normal variant. Retractile testes have a 32% risk of becoming an ascending or acquired undescended testis. The risk is higher in boys younger than 7 years old, or when the spermatic cord seems tight or inelastic.
Why is cryptorchidism a problem?
Cryptorchidism also increases the risk of testicular torsion. This occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted. The spermatic cord contains nerves, blood vessels, and tubes that carry semen between each testicle and the penis. If a person does not receive quick treatment, they could lose the twisted testicle.
How did my husband get epididymitis?
Males of any age can get epididymitis. Epididymitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. Sometimes, a testicle also becomes inflamed a condition called epididymo-orchitis.
What is the best treatment for epididymitis?
Epididymitis caused by bacteria is treated with antibiotics, most often doxycycline (Oracea, Monodox), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). Antibiotics are usually taken for 1 to 2 weeks. Men who have epididymitis can also relieve their symptoms by: Resting.
Is epididymitis serious?
If left untreated, epididymitis may cause an abscess, also known as a puss pocket, on the scrotum or even destroy the epididymis, which can lead to infertility. As with any infection left untreated, epididymitis may spread into another body system and, in rare cases, even cause death.
At what age do testes drop?
Most of the time, a boy’s testicles descend by the time he is 9 months old. Undescended testicles are common in infants who are born early. The problem occurs less in full-term infants. Some babies have a condition called retractile testes and the health care provider may not be able to find the testicles.
What happens if cryptorchidism is left untreated?
If an undescended testicle does not self-correct and is left untreated, the child faces increased risks of: Testicular cancer. Infertility. Testicular torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord)
What causes a testicle to retract?
The cause of testicular retraction is an overactive cremaster muscle. This thin muscle contains a pocket in which the testicle rests. When the cremaster muscle contracts, it pulls the testicle up into groin. This response is normal in males.
Do you need a D&C after ectopic pregnancy?
Conclusion. D&C to look for presence versus absence of chorionic villi has previously hadand in some cases, may continue to havea role in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, particularly in patients with contraindications to systemic methotrexate.
What color is blood from ectopic pregnancy?
Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy It often starts and stops, and can be bright or dark red in colour. Some women mistake this bleeding for a regular period and do not realise they are pregnant. Shoulder tip pain shoulder tip pain is felt where your shoulder ends and your arm begins.
How do doctors detect ectopic pregnancy?
How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?
- A pelvic exam to check the size of your uterus and feel for growths or tenderness in your belly.
- A blood test that checks the level of the pregnancy hormone (hCG). This test is repeated 2 days later. …
- An ultrasound. This test can show pictures of what is inside your belly.
Can a person with 1 testicle have babies?
Yes, in most cases, people with one testicle can get someone pregnant. Remember, one testicle can provide enough testosterone for you to get an erection and ejaculate. This is also enough to produce adequate sperm for fertilization.
Which testis is more important?
The left testicle is bigger than the right one; therefore, the left vein is longer than the right. Because the left vein is longer, it is subject to more difficulties when draining. Poor drainage can lead to pathological conditions such as testicular swelling and pain.
What is the cremaster?
The cremaster muscle is found only within the male human body and covers the testis. The muscle moves the testis, promoting healthy and motile sperm. The cremaster muscle lowers and raises the testis in order to control its temperature.
What is negative cremasteric reflex?
The absence of the reflex is considered to be diagnostic for testicular torsion. The cremasteric reflex has been reported to be absent in 100% of cases of testicular torsion, making it a potentially useful sign in this diagnosis.
What is the purpose of the cremasteric reflex?
Retractile Testis Teleologically, the cremaster reflex protects the testis by drawing it out of harm’s way, but it may cause a normal testis to mimic an undescended testis. A retractile testis should be suspected in the 2- to 12-year-old child with a possible undescended testis.
Can a man with zero sperm count get a woman pregnant?
The answer is yes. Men with no sperm in their ejaculate, who likely have a problem with sperm production can achieve pregnancy. All this is possible thanks to modern assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF and ICSI.
Can a man without testicle have babies?
Men who have had both testicles removed are no longer able to produce sperm, so they cannot have biological children.
Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with Sun’Agri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. I am currently continuing at Sun’Agri as an R&D engineer.