What is the condylar canal?

The condylar canal, or canalis condylaris, is a skull base canal in the posterior cranial fossa, located in the condylar fossa. It is the largest of the emissary foramina of the skull 1.

What nerve passes through the condylar canal?

Through the condylar canal, the occipital emissary vein connects to the venous system including the suboccipital venous plexus, occipital sinus and sigmoid sinus. It is not always present, and can have variations of being a single canal or multiple smaller canals in cluster.

What passes through the condyloid foramen?

hypoglossal canal an opening in the occipital bone, transmitting the hypoglossal nerve and a branch of the posterior meningeal artery; called also anterior condyloid foramen.

What passes through the posterior condylar canal?

emissary vein The emissary vein passes through posterior condylar canal is posterior condylar vein. This canal transmitting the posterior condylar vein and meningeal branches of the occipital artery and nerves which supply the meninges of posterior cranial fossa.

What does the hypoglossal canal do?

Function. The hypoglossal canal transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen.

Where is the condyle?

A condyle (/kndl/ or /kndal/; Latin: condylus, from Greek: kondylos; knuckle) is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint – an articulation with another bone. It is one of the markings or features of bones, and can refer to: On the femur, in the knee joint: Medial condyle.

Does the vagus nerve go through the hypoglossal canal?

Hypoglossal Nerve It emerges from the skull through the hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone. … It then passes inferolaterally behind the internal carotid artery and the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves to the interval between the artery and the internal jugular vein.

What is emissary vein?

Emissary veins (also known as the vena emissaria) are veins which pass through foramina in the skull to provide a venous communication between the dural venous sinuses and veins of the scalp or veins inferior to the skull base (cranial-cerebral anastomosis). They are thin-walled and valveless.

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What is foramen ovale skull?

Foramen ovale (plural: foramina ovalia) is an oval shaped opening in the middle cranial fossa located at the posterior base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, lateral to the lingula.

What is Condyloid process?

Medical Definition of condyloid process : the rounded process by which the ramus of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone.

What is condyloid foramen?

Medical Definition of condyloid foramen : a foramen in front of each condyle of the occipital bone.

Where is the Condyloid fossa?

occipital bone Behind either condyle of the lateral parts of occipital bone is a depression, the condyloid fossa (or condylar fossa), which receives the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas when the head is bent backward; the floor of this fossa is sometimes perforated by the condyloid canal, through which an emissary …

What travels through the foramen ovale?

The following structures pass through foramen ovale: mandibular nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve. accessory meningeal artery. lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Where is the posterior cranial fossa?

The posterior cranial fossa is part of the intracranial cavity, located between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli. It contains the brainstem and cerebellum. This is the most inferior of the fossae.

Is the occipital bone?

The occipital bone (/ksptl/) is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. …

Occipital bone
FMA 52735
Anatomical terms of bone

What does the hypoglossal nerve do?

The hypoglossal nerve enables tongue movement. It controls the hyoglossus, intrinsic, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles. These muscles help you speak, swallow and move substances around in your mouth.

What does the hypoglossal canal refer to and why is it important to the study of human evolution?

The mammalian hypoglossal canal transmits the nerve that supplies the motor innervation to the tongue. … The size of the hypoglossal canal has been linked with the evolution of language and used to date the origin of human speech to at least 400,000 years ago by Kay et al. (1).

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What is the third nerve?

oculomotor nerve The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve (CN III). It allows movement of the eye muscles, constriction of the pupil, focusing the eyes and the position of the upper eyelid. Cranial nerve III works with other cranial nerves to control eye movements and support sensory functioning.

What is a condyle?

Condyle – Refers to a large prominence, which often provides structural support to the overlying hyaline cartilage. It bears the brunt of the force exerted from the joint. Examples include the knee joint (hinge joint), formed by the femoral lateral and medial condyles, and the tibial lateral and medial condyles.

Is condyle a bone or cartilage?

Femoral Condyles Anatomy: They are covered by articular cartilage and function as a shock absorber for the knee.

What attaches to condylar process?

According to the histological observations, the lateral pterygoid muscle mainly inserted to the condylar process. The micro-CT images indicated that the obvious bony ridge was lateral to the pterygoid fovea on the condylar process in all specimens.

Which way does the tongue deviate?

weak side When unilateral weakness is present, the tongue deviates toward the weak side on protrusion because of the action of the normal genioglossus, which protrudes the tongue by drawing the root forward (Video). The tongue always deviates toward the weak side.

What does the Abducens nerve do?

The abducens nerve functions to innervate the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle and partially innervate the contralateral medial rectus muscle (at the level of the nucleus – via the medial longitudinal fasciculus).

What nerve controls sense of smell?

The olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve (CN I). It is a sensory nerve that functions for the sense of smell. Olfaction is phylogenetically referred to as the oldest of the senses. It is carried out through special visceral afferent nerve.

What does an emissary do?

Like missionaries, emissaries are sent on missions. However, emissaries are more likely to be representing governments, political leaders, and nonreligious institutions, and an emissary’s mission is usually to negotiate or to gather information.

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Do emissary veins valves?

Because the emissary veins are valveless, they are an important part in selective brain cooling through bidirectional flow of cooler blood from the evaporating surface of the head. In general, blood flow is from external to internal but the flow can be altered by increased intracranial pressure.

Are bridging veins emissary?

The bridging veins (BVs) derive from the embryonic pial-arachnoidal veins and connect the pial veins with the dural sinuses or plexuses. The emissary veins (EVs) on the other hand represent the remaining connections of the superficial venous system with the dural venous system during the development of the skull.

What is Meckel’s cave?

Meckel’s cave is a dural recess in the posteromedial portion of the middle cranial fossa that acts as a conduit for the trigeminal nerve between the prepontine cistern and the cavernous sinus, and houses the Gasserian ganglion and proximal rootlets of the trigeminal nerve.

What is magnum foramen?

The foramen magnum is the large hole in the occipital through which the brain-stem passes inferiorly into the vertebral canal. b. The squamous portion of the occipital bone is by far the largest, constituting the large plate of bone posterior and superior to the foramen magnum.

Where is the foramen ovale located?

As a baby grows in the womb, the foramen ovale (foh-RAY-mun oh-VAY-lee) is present in between the right and left top chambers of the heart (atria). It normally closes during infancy. When the foramen ovale doesn’t close, it’s called a patent foramen ovale.