What is the hydrotreating process?

Hydrotreating is the reaction of organic compounds in the presence of high pressure hydrogen to remove oxygen (deoxygenation) along with other heteroatoms (nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine). What is the difference between hydrocracking and hydrotreating?
The key difference between hydrocracking and hydrotreating is that hydrocracking includes the conversion of high boiling constituents into low boiling constituents, whereas hydrotreating includes the removal of oxygen and other heteroatoms. Hydrocracking and hydrotreating are useful processes in petroleum oil refining.

Which catalyst is used in hydrocracking?

DN-3622 is ideal catalyst for high severity hydrocracking applications to maximize nitrogen removal and fully unlock the capabilities of Zeolyst™ advanced hydrocracking catalysts. What is the purpose of hydrotreating?
The purpose of a hydrotreater unit is primarily to remove sulfur and other contaminants from intermediate streams before blending into a finished refined product or before being fed into another refinery process unit.

What is the purpose of hydrocracking?

Hydrocracking is usually performed on heavy gas oils and residues, to remove feed contaminants (nitrogen, sulfur, metals) and to convert them into lighter fractions including diesel gasoils. Why is hydrocracking more effective than FCC?

In a refinery, the hydrocracker upgrades VGO through cracking while injecting hydrogen. This yields a high volume of high-quality diesel and kerosene product. This is in contrast to the FCC, which uses the same feed (VGO) but produces more and better-quality gasoline.

Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ)

What is mild hydrocracking?

Mild hydrocracking (MHC) is catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen and operating at ‘mild’ hydrogen partial pressures (in comparison to conventional hydrocracking). Unlike hydrotreating, where hydrogen is used to break C-S and C-N bonds, mild hydrocracking uses hydrogen to break C-C bonds.

What is visbreaking process?

Visbreaking is a non-catalytic thermal process that converts atmospheric or vacuum residues via thermal cracking to gas, naphtha, distillates and visbroken residue. Atmospheric and vacuum residues are typically charged to a visbreaker to reduce fuel oil viscosity and increase the distillate yield in the refinery.

How do Hydrocrackers work?

A hydrocracking unit, or hydrocracker, takes gas oil, which is heavier and has a higher boiling range than distillate fuel oil, and cracks the heavy molecules into distillate and gasoline in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst.

What is FCC in refinery?

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils into gasoline, olefinic gases, and other petroleum products.

What is Hgu refinery?

How is hydrogen used in hydrocracking?

automobile and jet fuel increased, hydrocracking was applied to petroleum refining. This process employs hydrogen gas to improve the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the cracked molecules and to arrive at a broader range of end products, such as gasoline, kerosene (used in jet fuel), and diesel fuel.

Where is naphtha from?

Naphtha (/ˈnæpθə/ or /ˈnæfθə/) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Mixtures labelled naphtha have been produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. In different industries and regions naphtha may also be crude oil or refined products such as kerosene.

What is the difference between hydrocracking and catalytic cracking?

The basis of catalytic cracking is carbon rejection, while hydrocracking is a hydrogen addition process. Catalyst cracking uses an acid catalyst, while hydrocracking uses a metal catalyst on acid support. Another differnce is that catalyst cracking is an endothermic process while hydrocracking is an exothermic process.

What is diesel hydrotreating?

Diesel hydrotreating (DHT) or catalytic hydrogen treating is mainly to reduce undesirable species from straight-run diesel fraction by selectively reacting these species with hydrogen in a reactor at elevated temperatures and at moderate pressures.

Is hydrotreating exothermic?

All the hydrotreating reactions are exothermic, causing an increase in the reactor temperature as the feed passes through the catalyst bed. … The heat of the reaction varies significantly among the different reactions and from one compound to the other, as can be seen in Table 3.3 (Ali, 2007).

What is distillate hydrotreating?

The distillate hydrotreater is a category of hydrotreaters that treats distillate streams from atmospheric distillation and from conversion units to reduce their sulfur content and to improve their properties for blending into diesel.

What is meant by hydrocracking?

: the cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen.

What are the products of hydrocracking?

The major products from hydrocracking are jet fuel and diesel, but low-sulfur naphtha fractions and LPG are also produced. All these products have a very low content of sulfur and other contaminants.

Who invented hydrocracking?

Between 1925 and 1930, Standard Oil of New Jersey collaborated with I.G.Farbenindustrie of Germany to develop hydrocracking technology capable of converting heavy petroleum oils into fuels. Such processes required pressures of 200 – 300 bar and temperatures of over 375 °C and were very expensive.

What is the purpose of guard reactor in hydrocracking?

Providing the highest-quality catalyst withdraw and addition valves for the hydrotreating process. Hydrotreating, the most widely used process to remove sulfur and nitrogen from refinery streams, often requires that a guard-reactor system be put in place to prevent poisoning the hydrotreating catalyst.

What is coking and visbreaking?

Coking is a process for thermally cracking large molecules in residual oil feeds from atmospheric or vacuum distillation columns into shorter-chain lower-boiling molecules, leaving behind the excess carbon in the form of petroleum coke. … Visbreaking is a mild form of thermal cracking.

What is soaker visbreaking?

In soaker visbreaking, the bulk of the cracking reaction occurs not in the furnace but in a drum located after the furnace called the soaker. Here the oil is held at an elevated temperature for a pre-determined period of time to allow cracking to occur before being quenched. The oil then passes to a fractionator.

Which solvent is used in deasphalting process?

During the SDA process, the feed is mixed with a light paraffinic solvent such as propane (propane-deasphalting), and the oil is solubilized in the solvent. The insoluble pitch will precipitate out of the mixed feedstock as asphaltene.