What is the plane with red dots?

The red dots are damaged point of the bomber plane itself. Every plane has different dots, and from the picture is the summary of damaged points. … Wald then proposed that the Navy should take care of the areas which not damaged in the airplane. So if it hits to make the airplane down and unable to return.

What was the best plane in WW2?

These Were The 10 Best Planes Of WW2

  • 6 Focke-Wulf FW-190 – Best Fighter. …
  • 5 Boeing B29 Superfortress – Best Long-Range Bomber. …
  • 4 Supermarine Spitfire – Best British Fighter. …
  • 3 Avro Lancaster – Best Heavy Bomber. …
  • 2 North American P51 Mustang – Best Allied Fighter. …
  • 1 De Havilland Mosquito – Ultimate Multi-Role Aircraft.

Why is it called survivorship bias?

Also called “survivor bias,” this phenomenon refers to the human tendency to study successful outcomes and ignore the accompanying failures. Because of this, we adopt opinions, structure businesses, and make decisions without examining all the data, which can easily lead to failure.

Who found survivorship bias?

Back in the 1930s, Dr.Joseph Rhine set out to test whether or not extrasensory perception (ESP) really existed. To figure this out, he tested whether someone could successfully guess the order of a shuffled deck of cards.

What was formulated by Abraham Wald?

Abraham Wald (/wɔːld/; Hungarian: Wald Ábrahám, Yiddish: אברהם וואַלד‎;31 October 1902 –13 December 1950) was a Hungarian/Hungarian Jewish mathematician who contributed to decision theory, geometry, and econometrics, and founded the field of statistical sequential analysis.

What is the bullet hole misconception?

Wald explained that if a plane made it back safely with, say, bullet holes in the fuselage, it meant those bullet holes weren’t very dangerous. Armor was needed on the sections that, on average, had few bullet holes such as the cockpit or the engines. Planes with bullet holes in those parts never made it back.

What was the most feared plane in ww2?

This plane came too late to have any effect on the outcome of the war. Junkers Ju87 Widely known as the “Stuka”, the Ju87 was one of the most feared aircraft during World War Two. It had a fearsome siren which terrified those who heard it.

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Was Spitfire or zero better?

They found that the Zero had a lower rated altitude than the Spitfire, 16 000 feet against 21 000 feet, which delivered the Spitfire a good speed advantage at height – it was 20 knots faster at 26 000 feet. … The height advantage of the Spitfire VC was also shown by the British machine’s superior operational ceiling.

What plane dropped the atomic bomb?

Enola Gay The refurbished Enola Gay, the B-29 Superfortress that dropped the first atomic bomb on Aug. 6, 1945, on Hiroshima, Japan, sits on display in the Smithsonian’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.

What is mortality bias?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Survivorship bias or survival bias is the logical error of concentrating on the people or things that made it past some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of their lack of visibility.

What is lookahead bias?

Look-ahead bias occurs by using information or data in a study or simulation that would not have been known or available during the period being analyzed. This can lead to inaccurate results in the study or simulation.

How do I get rid of survivorship bias?

In order to prevent survivorship bias, researchers must be very selective with their data sources. Researchers must ensure that the data sources that they have selected do not omit observations that are no longer in existence in order to reduce the risk of survivorship bias.

Where do you put your armor on a plane?

Put the armour where the most bullet holes are. That’s where the planes are getting shot the most. And, of course, that would have been a complete disaster. Wald showed that actually, you should put the armour where the bullet holes aren’t.

What is backfill bias?

Instant history bias, also known as backfill bias, is a phenomenon whereby inconsistent reporting practices can unduly inflate the apparent performance of a hedge fund. This inaccuracy stems from the fact that hedge fund managers can elect whether and when to report their results to the public.

Where do cognitive biases come from?

Cognitive biases are often a result of your brain’s attempt to simplify information processing. Biases often work as rules of thumb that help you make sense of the world and reach decisions with relative speed. Some of these biases are related to memory.

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Do planes have Armour?

Modern aircraft powered by jet engines usually have them fitted with a sort of armour in the form of an aramid composite kevlar bandage around the fan casing or debris containment walls built into the casing of their gas turbine engines to prevent injuries or airframe damage should the fan, compressor, or turbine …

Where are bullet holes not?

The armor, said Wald, doesn’t go where the bullet holes are. It goes where the bullet holes aren’t: on the engines. Wald’s insight was simply to ask: where are the missing holes? The ones that would have been all over the engine casing, if the damage had been spread equally all over the plane?

Is survivor bias a type of selection bias?

Survival bias is a type of sampling error or selection bias that occurs when the selection process of a trial favours certain individuals who made it past a certain obstacle or point in time and ignores the individuals who did not (and are generally less visible).

How survivorship bias can cause you to make mistakes?

Vanguard says “Survivorship bias matters because it can distort performance figures significantly. Survivorship bias tends to distort data in only one direction, by making the results seem better than they actually are. This is because fund closures are often a result of underperformance.”

Which plane has the most kills?

F6F Hellcat. The F6F was designed to improve on the Wildcat’s ability to counter the Mitsubishi A6M Zero and help secure air superiority over the Pacific Theater. Hellcats were credited with 5,223 kills, more than any other Allied naval aircraft.

What aircraft has killed the most people?

In terms of fatalities, Boeing aircraft occupy four of the top five – the Boeing 737-200 has killed the most people at 906 deaths, followed by the original Boeing 737, the Boeing 777-206 and the Boeing MD-82.

Which ww2 plane had the most kills?

A new book examines the life of the WWII German ace. While serving in Germany’s Luftwaffe in World War II, Erich Hartmann flew more than 1,400 missions in the Messerschmitt Bf 109, enabling him to score an astonishing 352 kills.

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Which country has the best fighter planes in ww2?

which country had the best fighter planes of WWII

  • Japan. 1.52%
  • Italy. 0.71%
  • France. 0.30%
  • Great Britain. 102. 10.36%
  • USA. 501. 50.86%
  • Russia. 2.03%
  • Germany. 330. 33.50%
  • China. 0.20%

Was the FW 190 better than the Spitfire?

The new fighter outperformed the Spitfire Mk. V, the then top-of-the-line RAF fighter, in all aspects except turning radius. The Fw 190 was considerably better in firepower, rate of roll, and straight-line speed at low altitude.

Why was Japanese Zero so good?

It had a fairly high-lift, low-speed wing with very low wing loading. This, combined with its light weight, resulted in a very low stalling speed of well below 60 kn (110 km/h; 69 mph). This was the main reason for its phenomenal maneuverability, allowing it to out-turn any Allied fighter of the time.

Who dropped Fat Man?

Major Charles Sweeney The atomic bomb used at Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, was Fat Man. The bomb was dropped by a USAAF B-29 airplane named Bockscar, piloted by U.S. Army Air Force Major Charles Sweeney.

What does the name Enola mean?

The name Enola is primarily a female name of American origin that means Alone Spelled Backwards. Enola Gay, the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.

Who did the Hiroshima bomb?

Truman, warned by some of his advisers that any attempt to invade Japan would result in horrific American casualties, ordered that the new weapon be used to bring the war to a speedy end. On August 6, 1945, the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a five-ton bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima.