Where does bulk air flow take place in the respiratory tract?

Bulk flow of air dominates in the upper airways and is the method most obvious to the observer. Gas transport takes place by means of molecular diffusion in the fine structure of the lung. The architecture of the lungs appears to be adapted to facilitate gas transport by both methods.

What is bulk flow diffusion?

Bulk flow and diffusion are two methods by which molecules move from one place to another place. Bulk flow refers to the movement of a fluid driven by a pressure gradient. Diffusion is the movement of molecules down the concentration gradient. Both processes take place during human breathing.

What is bulk flow and how does it apply to the respiratory system?

1) bulk flow carries air or water, relatively high in O2 and low in CO2, past a respiratory surface. The flow is usually propelled by muscular movements. 3) Bulk flow of blood transports gases between the respiratory system and the tissues. Blood is pumped through the body by the heart.

What are the 4 phases of respiration?

The respiratory cycle is divided into 4 phases: inspiration (light green), end-inspiration (dark green), expiration (light red) and end-expiration (dark red).

Does the respiratory system use bulk flow or diffusion?

Summary. Gas transport within the airways of the lung occurs by two mechanisms. Bulk flow of air dominates in the upper airways and is the method most obvious to the observer. Gas transport takes place by means of molecular diffusion in the fine structure of the lung.

What are the correct pathway of air in respiratory system?

When you inhale through your nose or mouth, air travels down the pharynx (back of the throat), passes through your larynx (voice box) and into your trachea (windpipe). Your trachea is divided into 2 air passages called bronchial tubes. One bronchial tube leads to the left lung, the other to the right lung.

What are the 3 types of diffusion?

The three types of diffusion are – simple diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion.

What is example of diffusion?

A tea bag immersed in a cup of hot water will diffuse into the water and change its colour. A spray of perfume or room freshener will get diffused into the air by which we can sense the odour. Sugar gets dissolved evenly and sweetens the water without having to stir it.

What is difference between mass flow and diffusion?

Mass flow is the movement of dissolved nutrients into a plant as the plant absorbs water for transpiration. … Diffusion is the movement of nutrients to the root surface in response to a concentration gradient.

Which describes gas exchange in the respiratory system?

During gas exchange oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream. At the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli.

What is TLC in respiratory system?

Lung capacity or total lung capacity (TLC) is the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration.

Is respiration passive or active?

When breathing for life, inhalation is active involving many muscles and exhalation is passive.

What is the stimulus for breathing?

Normally, an increased concentration of carbon dioxide is the strongest stimulus to breathe more deeply and more frequently. Conversely, when the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is low, the brain decreases the frequency and depth of breaths.

What is inhalation process?

When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, and your lungs expand into it. The muscles between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

Breathing and respiration are two completely different but interrelated body processes which assist body organs to function properly. Breathing is the physical process of exchanging gases whilst respiration is a chemical process which takes place at a cellular level and produces energy.

How much air lungs can hold when they are fully inflated?

How much air they hold is called lung capacity and varies with a person’s size, age, gender and respiratory health. The maximum amount of air an average adult male’s lungs can hold is about six liters (that’s the same as about three large soda bottles).

What happens to cause air to be exhaled from the lungs?

The process of exhalation occurs due to an elastic recoil of the lung tissue which causes a decrease in volume, resulting in increased pressure in comparison to the atmosphere; thus, air rushes out of the airway. There is no contraction of muscles during exhalation; it is considered a passive process.

What will reduce gas exchange in the lungs?

The lungs normally have a very large surface area for gas exchange due to the alveoli. Diseases such as emphysema lead to the destruction of the alveolar architecture, leading to the formation of large air-filled spaces known as bullae. This reduces the surface area available and slows the rate of gas exchange.

What are the 7 organs of respiratory system?

These are the parts:

How do you describe the pathway of oxygen in the breathing?

Gas exchange takes place in the millions of alveoli in the lungs and the capillaries that envelop them. As shown below, inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli.

What is the pathway taken by air in the respiratory system illustrate with a Labelled diagram?

Air enters the nostrils passes through the nasopharynx, the oral pharynx through the glottis into the trachea into the right and left bronchi, which branches and rebranches into bronchioles, each of which terminates in a cluster of alveoli Only in the alveoli does actual gas exchange takes place.

What are the 3 characteristics of diffusion?

Each of these factors, independently and collectively can alter the rate and extent of diffusion.

Is osmosis and diffusion the same?

Osmosis is a passive form of transport that results in equilibrium, but diffusion is an active form of transport. … Osmosis only allows solvent molecules to move freely, but diffusion allows both solvent and solute molecules to move freely.

What are the 3 types of osmosis?

The three types of osmotic conditions include- hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic.

What are 2 examples of diffusion?

Example of diffusion

What are the 4 types of diffusion?

each group a different type of diffusion (relocation, hierarchical, contagious, or stimulus). Each group should come up with one example of diffusion for each of the four different types of scale: local, regional, and global.

How diffusion is used in our daily life?

Common Examples of Diffusion:-You can smell perfume because it diffuses into the air and makes its way into your nose. A teabag placed in a cup of hot water will diffuse into the water. Placing food coloring in a liquid will diffuse the color.

Is diffusion an example of bulk flow?

Diffusion is the gradual movement/dispersion of concentration within a body, due to a concentration gradient, with no net movement of matter. An example of a process where both bulk motion and diffusion occur is human breathing. First, there is a bulk flow process. … Second, there is a diffusion process.

What is the meaning of mass flow?

Mass flow, also known as “mass transfer” and “bulk flow”, is the movement of fluids down a pressure or temperature gradient, particularly in the life sciences. … Examples of mass flow include blood circulation and transport of water in vascular plant tissues.

What is the mass flow theory?

The mass flow hypothesis states that the translocation of glucose and other sugars within the phloem is caused by a never-ending flow of water and dissolved nutrients between the source (a place where sugars are made) and sink (where sugars are utilized).