Which medication is an example of an antimetabolite drug?

Antimetabolites are small, weakly acidic molecules that are cell cycle non-specific, inhibiting cellular metabolism by acting as false substrates during RNA and DNA synthesis. Examples of these agents include methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, aminopterin, cytarabine, thioguanine, and mercaptopurine.

What are antimetabolites with example?

Sulfanilamides, for example, are antimetabolites that disrupt bacterial, but not human, metabolism and are used to eradicate bacterial infections in humans. Other examples include antagonists of purines (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine) and antagonists of pyrimidine (fluorouracil and floxuridine).

Which antibiotics are antimetabolites?

The most commonly used antimetabolites are methotrexate, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides which inhibit the synthesis of dTMP, which is a pyrimidine. Each monomer unit of DNA and RNA contains either a purine or a pyrimidine as the base (Sect.

What are called antimetabolites?

Antimetabolites are a class of anticancer drugs defined as compounds, structurally similar to natural purine or pyrimidine base, nucleoside or nucleotides, molecules needed to carry out primary metabolic reactions that by virtue of their similarity act as analogues of a normal metabolites, interfere with the normal …

Is prednisone an antimetabolite?

Imuran and prednisone belong to different drug classes. Imuran is an immunosuppressive antimetabolite and prednisone is a corticosteroid.

Is MMF an antimetabolite?

An immunosuppressive antimetabolite, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), has been widely used in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor for organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. A fixed dosing of MMF often causes bone marrow toxicity or cytomegalovirus antigenemia under the optimal dosing of calcineurin inhibitors.

What is antimetabolite immunosuppressant?

An immunosuppressant used to prevent organ transplant rejections. Mycophenolate mofetil. An inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor used to prevent the rejection of kidney, heart, or liver transplants. Drugs & Drug Targets.

Is doxorubicin an antimetabolite?

Anthracyclines are anti-tumor antibiotics that interfere with enzymes involved in copying DNA during the cell cycle. Examples of anthracyclines include: Daunorubicin. Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®)

Is Metformin an antimetabolite?

Indeed, purines such as thymidine or hypoxanthine restore the proliferation of tumor cells treated with metformin in vitro. Consequently, some authors prefer to refer to metformin as an antimetabolite drug rather than a mitochondrial toxin.

Is hydroxyurea an antimetabolite?

Hydroxyurea is in a class of medications called antimetabolites. Hydroxyurea treats cancer by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells in your body. Hydroxyurea treats sickle cell anemia by helping to prevent formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Why are sulfa drugs called antimetabolites?

Sulfonamides or Sulfa Drugs as Antimetabolites: These drugs were the first efficient treatment to be employed systematically for the prevention and cure of bacterial infections. Their use introduced and substantiated the concept of metabolic antagonism.

Is mycophenolate an antimetabolite?

As an antimetabolite immunosuppressant, mycophenolate mofetil has been evaluated for the prevention and treatment of acute rejection of a variety of solid organ allografts. It is generally added to post-transplant therapy regimens in place of azathioprine, and in conjunction with cyclosporin and corticosteroids.

Are antimetabolites steroids?

Summary and key points. The antimetabolite agents are effective as corticosteroid-sparing drugs in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease. The properties, dosing, and most common adverse events of the three commonly used antimetabolites are summarized in Table 36.2.

Is CellCept an antimetabolite?

CellCept is an immunosuppressive agent and Trexall is an antimetabolite drug. Side effects of CellCept and Trexall that are similar include nausea, headache, vomiting, or stomach pain or upset.

Why is azathioprine used with prednisone?

daily. This study indicated that azathioprine effectively enhanced corticosteroid activity, allowing lower doses of prednisone with satisfactory clinical efficacy and a marked reduction in side effects.

Is Methotrexate a steroid?

(1) Methotrexate is an effective steroid-sparing agent. (2) A dosage lower than the one recommended in the literature is effective. (3) Tolerance is good. (4) No benefit or detrimental effects in bone metabolism were observed after one year.

Is sirolimus an antimetabolite?

An alternative regimen replaces the antimetabolite with a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (most commonly sirolimus) as the cell cycle inhibitor.

Is azathioprine an antimetabolite?

DESCRIPTION: IMURAN (azathioprine), an immunosuppressive antimetabolite, is available in 100-mg vials for intravenous injection.

Is cyclosporine an immunosuppressant?

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug that has been used since the early 1980s to prevent organ rejection after transplantation such as a liver transplant.

Do immunosuppressants lower WBC?

Common side effects include low white blood cell counts, loss of appetite, vomiting, hair loss, and bladder complications. Other severe side effects include an increased future risk of cancer, infertility, allergic reactions, and pulmonary fibrosis.

Does tacrolimus lower white blood cell count?

Tacrolimus works by suppressing the immune system to prevent the white blood cells from trying to get rid of the transplanted organ. Tacrolimus is a very strong medicine. It can cause side effects that can be very serious, such as kidney problems. It may also decrease the body’s ability to fight infections.

Which of the following is a calcineurin inhibitor?

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are composed of three drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and pimecrolimus). They are primarily used as immunosuppressive drugs, and inhibit the key signaling phosphatase calcineurin, thus called calcineurin inhibitors.

Which group is an antimetabolite?

Some antimetabolites that are commonly used to treat cancer include: 6-mercaptopurine. fludarabine. 5-fluorouracil.

Which antimicrobial agent is classified as an antimetabolite?

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are examples of antimetabolites that interfere in the bacterial synthesis of folic acid by blocking purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, thus inhibiting bacterial growth.

Does metformin increase breast size?

There were no differences in breast size before pregnancy or breast size increment during pregnancy between the metformin and the placebo groups (Table 2). The increase in breast size was unrelated to maternal body mass index (BMI) or change in BMI (data not shown).

Which is an anticancer drug?

Medicines that are used as anticancer drugs are: Platinum-based drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin), L-Asparaginase (Crasnit’s), Hydroxyurea (Hydrea), and.

What chemicals are used for chemotherapy?

There are several types of alkylating agents used in chemotherapy treatments: